when there is no government in society this is known as anarchy; it means political or social disorder

to centralise is when separate parts are brought together so that they are organised or controlled from one place

a group of countries or provinces ruled from the centre by one person or a group of people is known as an empire

the area of land controlled by a duke or duchess is known as a duchy

when somebody is loyal to a lord or monarch, this is allegiance

Henry II and the Angevin Empire

History

Henry II's legal reforms

Henry II's church reforms

The murder of Thomas Becket

Eleanor of Aquitaine and the end of Henry II's reign

How successful was Henry II as king?

In this unit, pupils have studied a successful period of royal consolidation. In 'The Wars of the Roses: what does it tell us about fifteenth-century England?', pupils will consider how periods of royal consolidation were not always durable in medieval England and explain how royal power proved volatile in the 15th century, experiencing both stability and instability.

In 'The Norman Conquest: how do we know about the impact of the Conquest on England?', pupils explained some of the ways William I consolidated his power in England. In this unit, pupils will think about some similar methods employed by Henry II and use this to evaluate the extent of royal consolidation.

In this unit, pupils learn about England and the Angevin Empire under Henry II's rule. They then use their knowledge of Henry's rule to evaluate the degree to which he was a successful king.

England under Henry II: how successfully did Henry reassert royal authority?

legal means connected to the law, for example, legal advice

an Assize was a royal court which travelled across England judging on local matters

authority is the power or ability to control or demand obedience

reform is when you make changes to improve something

common law is developed from previous judgements rather than laws made by politicians

the clergy are religious leaders, especially priests, ministers, etc.

spiritual is relating to deep feelings and religious beliefs

the chief bishop of a large region is known as the archbishop

a senior member of the Christian Church in charge of an area containing several churches is known as a bishop

when you are sent away from your home country, you go into exile

when someone is excommunicated they are expelled from the Catholic Church by the Pope

a cathedral is a large and impressive church that contains the seat of a bishop

a martyr is someone who dies for their beliefs

penance is to punish yourself to seek God’s forgiveness for a sin

a pilgrimage is a religious journey, usually taken to a shrine or a site of religious importance

succession is the process in which someone automatically inherits a position or property after someone else

to revolt is to rebel or take violent action against a ruler

to conspire is to secretly plot or plan together

a regent is a person who rules a country for a limited period, because the monarch is absent or too young, too ill

an heir is a person who expects to inherit the property or position of another when that person dies

reasserted means doing something to show that you still have power

royal authority is the power or ability of a monarch to control or demand obedience from the people.

interpretation an explanation or opinion of what something means.

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England under Henry II: how successfully did Henry reassert royal authority?

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