Two shapes are similar if the only difference between                          them is their size. Their side lengths are in the same proportions.

If one shape can fit exactly on top of another using rotation, reflection or translation, then the shapes are congruent.

The object is the starting figure, before a transformation has been applied.

The image is the resulting figure, after a transformation has been applied.

A property of a shape is invariant if that property has not changed after the shape is transformed.

Checking and securing understanding of congruence and similarity

Maths

Checking and securing understanding of rotation

Checking and securing understanding of translation

Checking and securing understanding of reflection

Checking and securing understanding of enlargement with positive integer scale factors

Checking and securing understanding of enlargement with positive fractional scale factors

Multiple transformations

Identifying multiple transformations

Problem solving with further transformations

In this unit, pupils enhanced their understanding of enlargement. In this future unit, pupils investigate the effect of an enlargement on the perimeter and area of a 2-D shape and the volume of a 3-D shape. 

In the prior unit, pupils learnt about the different types of transformations. In this unit, pupils' knowledge is extended as negative scale factors are considered as are multiple transformations.

In this unit pupils apply their knowledge of transformations to explore negative enlargement factors and the application of multiple transformations.

Further transformations

A transformation is a process that may change the size, orientation or position of a shape.

The rotation of an object is the turning of an object by a fixed amount and around a fixed point (called the centre of rotation), without the image being flipped or its size changing.

The centre of rotation is the fixed point about which an object is rotated.

Translation is a transformation in which every point of a shape moves the same distance in the same direction.

A vector can be used to describe a translation.

A reflection of a shape is the mirror image of the shape. An object is reflected when it is flipped over a fixed line (line of reflection), without the image being turned or its size changing.

The line of reflection is the fixed line about which an object is reflected. The object and image are equidistant from the line of reflection.

Enlargement is a transformation that causes a change of size.

A scale factor is the multiplier between similar shapes that describes how large one shape is compared to the other.

The centre of enlargement is the point from which a shape is enlarged.

The object is the starting figure before a transformation has been applied.

The image is the resulting figure after a transformation has been applied.

A polygon is a flat (2D), closed figure made up of straight line segments.

The sense of an object is the direction of the orientation of the object. When the sense of an object changes, the direction of its orientation changes from clockwise to anti-clockwise, or vice versa.

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