Sexual reproduction is the process of making offspring where half the DNA is passed on from each parent.

The female gametes of a plant are called the ova.

The male gametes of a plant are carried in grains of pollen.

The anther is a male organ of a flower which makes pollen.

The stigma is a female organ of a flower upon which pollen is deposited.

Flower structure

Science

Pollination and fertilisation

Insects and food security

Fruit and seeds

Factors affecting seed germination: practical

Factors affecting seed germination: data analysis

Seed dispersal: practical

Seed dispersal: data analysis

Pupils will learn about what the genome is, what it’s made of and where it’s stored, more detail about the chemical structure of DNA, and the relationship between an organism’s genome and its phenotype.

Pupils learned about changes experienced in puberty, the male and female reproductive systems, the menstrual cycle, sexual intercourse, gametes and fertilisation, gestation and birth, and the dangers of smoking, drinking and drugs during pregnancy.

This unit explores plant reproduction, including flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, seed formation, and dispersal mechanisms. It highlights the role of insect pollination in food security. Focus is on planning and conducting enquiries, and ensuring reliable observations.

Reproduction in plants

Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower.

The ovary is a female organ of the flower where ovules produce ova.

The style holds the stigma and connects it to the ovary.

The stamen is the male part of the flower, made up of an anther held up by a filament.

The fusion of a male gamete (from pollen) and a female gamete (an ovum) is called fertilisation.

Animals that carry pollen from one flower to another are called pollinators.

Food security is having access to enough affordable and nutritious food.

Insects are a group of animals with an exoskeleton, three body parts and six legs; they can act as pollinators.

Crops are plants that are grown on farms to feed humans or farm animals (for example wheat, vegetables and fruit).

The  development stage in the growth of a plant's offspring.

The ripened ovary of seed-producing plants; it can be fleshy or dry.

A development stage in the growth of a new offspring, in a plant it is formed inside a seed.

An organ in the female reproductive system. In a plant, fertilisation and seed formation take place here.

The fusion of gametes to form a zygote; the gametes of a plant are pollen and ova.

Variable that you change or choose to investigate.

Variable you measure to conclude on the effect of the independent variable.

Describes how an investigation should be carried out, it has clear and detailed written instructions.

A way of displaying results to make them easier to read and interpret.

Variables that have values that are labels.

A value that is a number; these variables may display trends.

A description and explanation of findings.

Mechanism by which seeds are transported away from the parent plant.

Features of living organisms that help them survive in their environment.

Anything that can change or be changed in an investigation.

Measurements of the same value allows anomalous results to be identified.

A measure of average where all values are added together and divided by the number of repeat measurements that have been taken.

A line graph displays data where the independent and dependent variables are continuous.

A bar chart displays data where the independent variable is categoric.

A smooth line on a line graph that indicates the trend in the data is called the line of best fit.

A trend is a pattern in the data that shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

Reproduction in plants

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