A producer is an organism that makes its own food.

Biomass is the mass of living material in one or more organisms.

A trophic level is the position of an organism in a food chain diagram.

A pyramid of biomass is a diagram which shows the biological mass (biomass) of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain diagram.

The efficiency is how much of something is transferred compared to how much is available, e.g. how much biomass is transferred to a consumer compared to how much is available.

Transfers of biomass between trophic levels

Biology

Negative human interactions with ecosystems and impacts on biodiversity

Examples of human interactions with ecosystems, including fish farming

Benefits and challenges of maintaining biodiversity

Climate change and biodiversity: changes in the distribution of organisms

Factors affecting human food security, and possible solutions

Climate change and biodiversity: forests and oceans

Pupils learned about biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, measuring population size, interdependence and competition in ecosystems, how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect communities, the cycling of carbon and water, and the role of microorganisms in cycling materials through ecosystems.

This unit explores trophic levels, biomass pyramids, and the efficiency of biomass transfers in ecosystems. It examines human impacts on biodiversity, factors affecting food security, and biotechnological solutions. Emphasis is on evaluating environmental changes and ethical considerations.

Maintaining biodiversity and human impacts

Urbanisation is the increase in the number of people living in towns and cities (urban areas).

Deforestation is the removal of trees; often to use for timber or fuel or to repurpose land for houses or farming.

Biodiversity is the range of different living organisms (species) that live in a place.

Greenhouse gases are gases that are responsible for the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation and trapping ‘heat’ in the atmosphere.

Climate change is a long term shift in weather patterns.

Biodiversity is the range of different living organisms that live in a place.

Fertiliser are minerals that are added to the soil to help plants to grow.

Eutrophication is the process in which a body of water is overly enriched with plant nutrients. This leads to excessive growth of simple plants such as algae.

Indigenous species are a species that occurs naturally in an ecosystem. They are sometimes referred to as native species.

the range of different living organisms that live in a place

the benefits that nature provides to human wellbeing and quality of life

having enough food to feed the human population

when a resource is produced as quickly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out

the process of protecting biodiversity and the environment

a gas responsible for the greenhouse effect by absorbing and re-radiating infrared radiation that warms the atmosphere

how many individuals of a species are present

the range of different living organisms (species) that live in a place

having reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet the needs of the human population

climate change is a long-term shift in weather patterns

modifying the genome of an organism by adding, removing or altering genes, to introduce a desirable characteristic (or remove an undesirable one)

the alteration and use of organisms to produce products for human use

whether an action taken is right or wrong

Climate change is a long-term shift in weather patterns.

A process or system that takes more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.

Deforestation is the removal of trees, often for timber or fuel, or to repurpose land for housing or farming.

Ocean acidification is the reduction of the ocean pH over an extended period of time, mainly caused by the uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Maintaining biodiversity and human impacts

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