Chemistry

Atomic structure (very small electron mass)

Developing a model for atoms

Atoms, elements and compounds

Modern periodic table and electron configuration

Atomic number and mass number

Isotopes and relative atomic mass

Relative formula mass

Development of the periodic table

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils will build on their understanding of atomic structure to explore different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

In the Atoms, Elements and Compounds unit, pupils learned about the differences between atoms, elements, and compounds, as well as their chemical symbols and formulae.

This unit covers the atomic model, relative atomic mass, isotopes, and the structure of the modern periodic table. It explains how atomic structure influences element positioning, properties, and reactivity. The focus is on identifying trends and using models to develop scientific explanations.

Atomic structure and the periodic table

Why chemical reactions happen

Metallic structure and properties

Metal alloys

Forming ions for ionic bonding

Giant ionic structures

Determining ionic formulae

Ionic diagrams for binary ionic substances

Properties of giant ionic structures

Forming covalent bonds

Properties of covalent substances

Bonding models

In the Chemistry of Carbon unit, pupils will build on their understanding of chemical bonding to explore the unique properties and bonding of carbon, leading to various natural and synthetic organic compounds.

In the Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table unit, pupils learned about the model of the atom, isotopes, and the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.

This unit explores changes of state, particle kinetics, and energy transfers in relation to chemical bonding, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. It examines carbon's unique bonding properties, leading to organic compounds and materials like diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and graphene.

Structure and bonding

The particle model

State changes: fundamentals

State changes: evaporation and sublimation

Predicting states of matter

Pure substance

Heating and cooling curves

Heating curves: practical

In the Separating Substances unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of states of matter to learn about different techniques for separating mixtures.

In the Solid, Liquid and Gas States and Changes of State unit, pupils learned about the properties of different states of matter and how particles move during changes of state.

This unit covers the particle model, states of matter, and changes between them, distinguishing physical from chemical changes. It explains the concept of purity in scientific terms, using melting point data to identify pure and impure substances, and explores the limitations of the particle model.

States of matter

Separating mixtures (including formulations)

Solutions

Filtration

Crystallisation

Chromatography: paper

Interpreting chromatograms

Chromatography: separating a mixture of inks

Distillation: simple distillation

Distillation: separating a mixture of inks

Distillation: fractional distillation

Potable water

Wastewater treatment

Water sample analysis: pH

Water sample analysis: dissolved solids

Water sample analysis: distillation

In the Making Salts unit, pupils will build on their understanding of separation techniques to learn about the process of making salts and writing balanced chemical equations.

In the Separation Techniques unit, pupils learned about various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

This unit explores purification techniques, including filtration, crystallisation, and distillation. It explains formulations, uses chromatographic methods to identify pure and impure substances, and interprets chromatograms with Rf values. The emphasis is on accurate measurements.

Separating substances

Three types of chemical reaction

Conservation of mass

Balancing equations

Uncertainties in measurements: chemistry

Mass in a chemical reaction

In the Making salts unit, pupils will learn about the production of pure salts, concentration and strength of acids, and what makes acids acidic and how bases can neutralise them.

In the Understanding Chemical Reactions unit, pupils learned about how atoms rearrange during chemical reactions and the conservation of mass.

This unit covers writing chemical formulae, balancing equations, and using the conservation of mass. It includes calculating moles, empirical formulae, relative formula masses, and theoretical yields. Emphasis is on stoichiometry, concentration, gas volumes, and using standard form.

Calculations involving masses

Describing salts

Hazard symbols and equipment

Acid-base reactions (carbonates as bases)

Chemical reactions of acids with metals and metal carbonates

Concentration of solutions

pH scale and indicators

Solubility rules

Making a pure dry sample of a soluble salt

Adapting a multistep chemical procedure for making a pure dry salt

Change in pH: practical

Titrations: making soluble salts

Titrations: analytical technique

In the Electrolysis unit, pupils will build on their understanding of chemical reactions to explore the process of electrolysis and its applications.

In the Acids and Bases unit, pupils learned about the properties of acids, bases, and alkalis, and the reactions between them to form salts and water.

This unit explores empirical formulae, balanced chemical and ionic equations, gas identification, acid reactions, and pH as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration. It covers separation techniques and focuses on planning experiments, accurate measurements, safety, and communicating findings.

Making salts

Bonding to carbon atoms

Diamond and graphite

Using models to explain state changes

Graphene and fullerenes

Discovery and uses of carbon nanostructures

Hydrocarbons

Bonding, structure and properties

Nanoparticles

In the Organic Chemistry unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of carbon chemistry to explore the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds and their applications.

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils learned about different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

This unit explores how material properties relate to bonding, bond strength, and structure, focusing on carbon compounds like diamond, graphite, and graphene. It covers nanoparticles, their uses and risks, surface area calculations, scale comparisons, and model representation techniques.

Chemistry of carbon

Energy changes in reactions

Energy changes: displacement practical

Energy changes: neutralisation practical

Reaction profiles

Breaking and making bonds

In the Rate of Reaction unit, pupils will build on their understanding of energy changes to learn about the factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions.

In the Fuels and Energetics unit, pupils learned about energy changes during chemical reactions, including exothermic and endothermic reactions.

This unit covers bulk material properties related to bonding and intermolecular forces and explores bond breaking, bond making, activation energy, and reaction profiles. It focuses on selecting appropriate techniques, translating data, and presenting observations using various models.

The rate of a chemical reaction: including graphs

Appropriate equipment for measuring the rate of a reaction

Collision theory

Surface area and rate: practical

Surface area and rate: analysis

Concentration and rate: practical using gas collection method

Concentration and rate: practical using end point method

Concentration and rate: analysis

Temperature and rate: practical

Evaluating methods for measuring the rate of reaction

Catalysts and rate

In the Industrial Chemistry unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of reaction rates to learn about the industrial processes involving chemical reactions and the factors that affect them.

In the Energy Changes in Reactions unit, pupils learned about bond breaking, bond making, and reaction profiles.

This unit explores factors influencing reaction rates, including temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts. It covers using models and theories to develop hypotheses, planning and conducting experiments safely, selecting appropriate techniques, and presenting and translating data.

Chemistry

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These lessons were made for home learning during the pandemic.