Combined science

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Physics

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Atomic structure (very small electron mass)

Developing a model for atoms

Atoms, elements and compounds

Modern periodic table and electron configuration

Atomic number and mass number

Isotopes and relative atomic mass

Relative formula mass

Development of the periodic table

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils will build on their understanding of atomic structure to explore different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

In the Atoms, Elements and Compounds unit, pupils learned about the differences between atoms, elements, and compounds, as well as their chemical symbols and formulae.

This unit covers the atomic model, relative atomic mass, isotopes, and the structure of the modern periodic table. It explains how atomic structure influences element positioning, properties, and reactivity. The focus is on identifying trends and using models to develop scientific explanations.

Atomic structure and the periodic table

Cells

Light microscopy: observing and drawing cells

Animal cells: common structures and specialised cells

Plant cells: common structures and specialised cells

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms

Common structures of prokaryotic cells

The size and scale of cells: the basics

Pupils will learn about biological molecules that are essential to life, including sugars and other carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and the role of enzymes in catalysing the chemical reactions in which these substances are used and made.

Pupils learned that photosynthesis in producers makes glucose, a type of carbohydrate, which is used to make biomass and as a fuel for cellular respiration.

This unit covers the structure and function of sub-cellular components in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and explores DNA as the genetic material of organisms. It explains genetic terms, protein synthesis, and how genetic variants influence phenotypes.

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Calculating density and measuring volume

Measuring density

Pressure in a fluid

Upthrust

Explaining convection

Changes of pressure

In the Energy of moving particles unit, they will build on this knowledge to learn how the movement and nature of different particles transfers energy by conduction, and how specific heat capacity and specific latent heat quantify the effect of heating on the properties of a material.

In the Heating and cooling unit, pupils learnt how the motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases changes when they are heated, how thermal conduction and insulation work and why heating different materials doesn’t always increase their temperatures by the same amount. 

This unit defines density and explores how it varies between states of matter based on atomic arrangement. It covers mass conservation during physical changes, gas behaviour, fluid pressure, buoyancy, and atmospheric pressure, and calculations involving density, mass, and volume relationships.

Particle explanations of density and pressure

The genome

The structure of DNA

The genome, the environment and phenotype

Pupils will learn about dominant and recessive alleles, and how to use models of single gene inheritance to make predictions about the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

Pupils learned about flower structure, wind and insect pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation and dispersal.

This unit covers the structure and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, DNA as the genetic material, and key genetic terms. It also explains protein synthesis, genetic variants, and how DNA structure affects proteins. The emphasis is on using models to explain scientific concepts.

DNA and the genome

Why chemical reactions happen

Metallic structure and properties

Metal alloys

Forming ions for ionic bonding

Giant ionic structures

Determining ionic formulae

Ionic diagrams for binary ionic substances

Properties of giant ionic structures

Forming covalent bonds

Properties of covalent substances

Bonding models

In the Chemistry of Carbon unit, pupils will build on their understanding of chemical bonding to explore the unique properties and bonding of carbon, leading to various natural and synthetic organic compounds.

In the Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table unit, pupils learned about the model of the atom, isotopes, and the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.

This unit explores changes of state, particle kinetics, and energy transfers in relation to chemical bonding, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. It examines carbon's unique bonding properties, leading to organic compounds and materials like diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and graphene.

Structure and bonding

Diseases

Cardiovascular disease

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases

Cancer

Bacterial and viral diseases in humans: Salmonella and measles

Fungal and protist diseases in humans

Sexually transmitted infections

Plant diseases: TMV and rose black spot

Climate change and human health

Pupils will learn about human and plant defences against pathogens, the role of white blood cells in the human immune system, and the use of vaccination to protect against communicable diseases.

Pupils learned about some common non-infectious diseases, factors that increase the risk of developing lifestyle diseases and steps we can take to help prevent them, including the impacts of smoking on the human body, and asthma and its risk factors.

This unit explores health and disease, including communicable and non-communicable types and their interactions. It examines lifestyle impacts, disease spread, evaluates cardiovascular treatments, and highlights the importance of risk evaluation, peer review, and effective communication of results.

Health and disease

Different speeds (v=s/t)

Measuring instantaneous speed practical (v = s ÷ t)

Measuring instantaneous speed analysis (v=s/t)

Displacement and velocity as vectors (v=s/t)

Velocity on a graph (v = s ÷ t)

Calculating from displacement-time graphs (v = s ÷ t)

Acceleration (a = Δv/t)

Measuring acceleration practical (v=s/t, a = Δv/t)

Measuring acceleration analysis (v = s ÷ t, a = Δv ÷ t)

Calculating from velocity-time graphs (a = Δv/t)

Calculating from motion graphs (a=Δv/t and v=s/t)

Motion calculations (a=Δv/t, v²−u²=2as & v=s/t)

In the Energy of moving objects unit, they will build on this knowledge to learn how to calculate the amount of energy of objects have because they are moving, stretched or in a gravitational field; and to calculate energy transfers using knowledge of energy conservation and dissipation.

In the Moving by force unit, pupils learnt how to calculate speed and describe motion using distance-time graphs, apply Newton’s First Law of motion and calculate the amount of energy needed to move an object to a new position.

This unit covers vector-scalar distinctions in displacement, distance, velocity, and speed. It explores speeds, acceleration, motion graphs, and formulas for uniform and non-uniform motion. It also includes understanding circular motion and conducting accurate measurements, and calculations.

Measuring and calculating motion

The particle model

State changes: fundamentals

State changes: evaporation and sublimation

Predicting states of matter

Pure substance

Heating and cooling curves

Heating curves: practical

In the Separating Substances unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of states of matter to learn about different techniques for separating mixtures.

In the Solid, Liquid and Gas States and Changes of State unit, pupils learned about the properties of different states of matter and how particles move during changes of state.

This unit covers the particle model, states of matter, and changes between them, distinguishing physical from chemical changes. It explains the concept of purity in scientific terms, using melting point data to identify pure and impure substances, and explores the limitations of the particle model.

States of matter

Biological molecules

Tests for biological molecules

Obtaining the elements needed to make biological molecules

Enzymes: function, structure and specificity

Effects of substrate concentration and temperature on rate of enzyme activity

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: plan

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: practical

The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme reaction: data analysis

Pupils will learn how substances essential for chemical reactions, and the products of the reactions, are transported into, around and out of the human body.

Pupils learned about differences in the cell structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

This unit explores the roles of sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids in the synthesis and breakdown of biological molecules. It covers enzyme action, transport in organisms, hypothesis development, and data interpretation. Emphasis is on planning experiments and presenting explanations.

Biological molecules and enzymes

The human circulatory system

The human heart and double circulatory system

Human blood cells and blood vessels

Microscopy of human blood cells and blood vessels

Moving into and out of the blood: diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Diffusion and surface area to volume ratio

The importance of exchange surfaces and transport systems in humans

Pupils will learn how the components of the human nervous system enable us to respond to changes outside and inside our bodies.

Pupils learned about biological molecules that are essential to life, including sugars and other carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and the role of enzymes in catalysing the chemical reactions in which these substances are used and made.

This unit covers the human circulatory system, its link to the gas exchange system, and the adaptations of the heart, blood vessels, and blood components. It explains transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, and the need for exchange surfaces in multicellular organisms.

Transport and exchange surfaces in humans

Moving electric charge

Linking current, potential difference and resistance

Resistance of a wire at a constant temperature

Analysing series circuits

Adding components to a parallel circuit

Analysing parallel circuits

In the Circuit components unit, they will build on this knowledge to learn how the resistance of filament lamps and diodes change with current and about the properties and applications of light dependent resistors and thermistors.

In the Resistance and parallel circuits unit, pupils learnt about electrical resistance and parallel electric circuits.

This unit covers static electricity, electric fields, and current flow in series and parallel circuits. It explains current, resistance, and potential difference relationships and explores diodes, thermistors, and LDRs. The focus is on calculations, experiments, and accurate measurements.

Electric fields and circuit calculations

The human nervous system

Neurones and synapses

Human reaction time: practical

The structure and function of a reflex arc

Pupils will learn how hormones and glands of the human endocrine system enable us to coordinate and control changes in our bodies.

Pupils learned how substances essential for chemical reactions in living cells, and the products of the reactions, are transported into, around and out of the human body, and the implications of surface area:volume ratio.

This unit explores the structure and function of the nervous system, including the CNS, reflex arcs, and the eye. It covers brain structure, common eye defects, and the challenges in treating nervous system damage. It also addresses ethical considerations.

Coordination and control: the human nervous system

Combined science

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These lessons were made for lockdown learning during the pandemic