A system of defences in the body, including white blood cells, which protects against pathogens.

Components of the blood which help blood to clot and seal wounds.

A type of cell in the blood that is part of the immune system and responds to pathogens.

When a white blood cell engulfs, digests and destroys a pathogen.

Non-specific defences of the human body against pathogens

Combined science

Responses of the human immune system to specific pathogens

Immunity and vaccination

Evaluating the global use of vaccination

Pupils will learn about the use of antibiotics against pathogens, and the development of new drugs and novel treatments for disease.

Pupils learned about non-communicable diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; and about communicable diseases in humans and plant caused by pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

This unit explores the body's defences and immune response against pathogens, disease prevention, and vaccines. It covers plant defence responses, and disease detection, and evaluates scientific applications, considering personal, social, economic, and environmental implications.

Defences against pathogens, the human immune system and vaccination

A molecule on the surface of a pathogen or other cell.

A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system and responds to specific pathogens.

Proteins produced by white blood cells against specific pathogens.

Produced by white blood cells to neutralise toxins.

Immunity is established after the body is first exposed to a pathogen's antigens, and enables white blood cells to respond quickly to the antigen when the body is re-exposed to it.

White blood cells that remain in the blood and give lasting immunity to certain pathogens.

A formulation that contains an inactive pathogen, or parts of it.

The process of administering a vaccine to an individual to create immunity to a pathogen.

When a high proportion of the population have been vaccinated against a disease, the spread is reduced and unvaccinated individuals may be protected.

Defences against pathogens, the human immune system and vaccination

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These lessons were made for home learning during the pandemic.