ripples in the sea caused by wind blowing over the surface of the water

high, steep waves, typically formed by local storms, that remove sediment from beaches

low waves, typically formed by distant storms, that deposit sediment onto beaches

Wave processes at the coast

Geography

Weathering and mass movement at the coast

The role of geology at the coast

Coastal erosion landforms

Landforms of coastal deposition

Examples of coastal landforms

Costs and benefits of coastal management strategies

Example of a coastal management scheme

Using GIS to visualise the impact of physical and human processes on coasts

This unit, comprising of three variants, teaches pupils about processes and landforms associated with coastal, river and glacial landscapes. Pupils will learn about the formative processes involved in creating distinctive landforms and of the need for management.

Coastal, river and glacial landscapes

the breakdown or disintegration of rocks at or close to the surface

physical disintegration of rocks, for example through freeze-thaw

chemical breakdown of rocks usually involving slightly acidic rainwater

the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

the physical and chemical characteristics of rocks

the arrangement of rock layers and rock features

where rock layers (hard and soft) run perpendicular to the coastline

where rock layers (hard and soft) run parallel to the coastline

waves compress air into cracks in the rock, putting pressure on it and causing it to break over time

the wearing away of rock along the coastline

the process by which a coastline, cliff, or other landforms move inland due to erosion

material, such as sand and pebbles, is dropped by waves, wind, or water when they lose energy

movement of sediment along the coast by wave action in a zigzag pattern

landforms resulting from a dominance of coastal erosion

landforms resulting from a dominance of coastal deposition

using artificial structures to protect coastlines from erosion and flooding

making use of natural processes to reduce erosion and flooding in a way that minimises environmental impact

when areas of the coast are deliberately allowed to flood or erode naturally

any groups or individuals involved in or interested in changes being made at the coast

photographs from any time in the past which can be compared with more recent photographs including aerial, satellite or conventional

information which is tied to a particular point in time, so that data can be time-enabled (also known as spatiotemporal data)

maps from any time in the past which can be compared with more recent maps

information which has been tied to a particular location (geolocated), using an agreed system such as latitude and longitude

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Coastal, river and glacial landscapes

Coastal landscapes

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Coastal, river and glacial landscapes

Coastal landscapes

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