a natural event that has the potential to cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption

when a natural hazard actually causes significant damage, harm or loss of life

the likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard

An introduction to natural hazards

Geography

Factors affecting hazard risk

Plate tectonics theory

Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes

Processes at constructive/divergent plate margins

Processes at destructive/convergent plate margins

Processes at conservative plate margins

Primary and secondary effects and responses to tectonic hazards

An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an HIC

An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an LIC

Reducing risks from earthquakes and volcanoes

Using GIS to visualise physical processes at different types of plate margin

This unit teaches pupils about natural and tectonic hazards, their location, causes and effects. Pupils learn about the different types of hazard before focusing on earthquakes and volcanoes. Pupils will learn about tectonic processes, hazard impacts and the options for mitigation and adaptation.

Natural and tectonic hazards

a large, rigid slab of Earth's lithosphere (outer layer) that sits on the semi-solid asthenosphere beneath it

a semi-solid layer of Earth's upper mantle

the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids: warmer, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks, creating a circular flow

the point on Earth's surface that is directly above where an earthquake happens underground

a measure of the energy released by an earthquake

an area in Earth's mantle where unusually hot magma rises toward the surface, creating volcanic activity

a long, narrow depression formed when a tectonic plate stretches and fractures at a constructive margin, causing the land to sink between parallel fault lines

a broad, gently sloping volcano formed by basaltic lava that is runny and flows easily. Eruptions tend to be effusive rather than explosive - lava flows out

a measure of the energy released by an earthquake; a higher magnitude means a stronger earthquake

the process at a destructive plate margin where a denser oceanic plate sinks beneath a less dense plate into the mantle

a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides

molten rock found beneath Earth's surface. It is formed when rocks in Earth's mantle or crust melt due to high temperatures and pressure

impacts that occur instantly and as a direct result of the earthquake or volcanic eruption

impacts that follow as a consequence of the earthquake or volcanic eruption in the hours, days and weeks that follow

action taken during and immediately after a hazard event that focuses on surviving the hazard and providing short-term relief

action that focuses on rebuilding after the tectonic hazard and reducing risks from future hazards

the likelihood or chance of being affected by a natural hazard, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption

techniques used to reduce hazard risk, including monitoring and prediction and planning and preparation

techniques used to detect and record indicators of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

the measurement of elevation for bodies of water, e.g. depth of oceans, seas, or lakes

the shape of Earth’s surface including land areas and the floor of the seas and oceans

a GIS tool which visualises changes in height above or below sea level along any transect line such as a river course

Help using Oak

Year 1

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Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Primary

Year 7

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Natural and tectonic hazards

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