a thegn was a member of the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy: men who held at least five hides of land from the king or another lord

the Anglo-Saxon fyrd was a way of calling up men from the general population into an army for a set period of time

a housecarl was an elite unit of the Anglo-Saxon army: a well-trained and well-equipped soldier

a mercenary is a professional soldier who is hired to fight in an army for money

The Anglo-Saxon army

History

The Norman army

Norman weapons, armour and tactics

Anglo-Saxon preparations for invasion in 1066

Norman preparations for invasion in 1066

The location of the Battle of Hastings

Luck and the Battle of Hastings

Norman England - historical context themes

Norman England - sources and historical context

Structuring your answer to the historic environment question

In 'Norman England: how did William the Conqueror subdue England?', pupils learnt about the reaction of the Anglo-Saxons to Norman rule and how William consolidated his 1066 victories. In this unit, pupils will learn how their knowledge of Norman England can be applied to a specific historic environment linked to the Normans.

In this unit, pupils learn about the historical environment, choosing the relevant site study to complement their understanding of Norman England.

Historic Environment: Norman England

soldiers who fight on foot are known as infantry

soldiers who fight on horseback are known as cavalry

a mercenary is someone who joins a foreign army in order to be paid

an innovation is a new way of doing something, based on new ideas or developments

a strategy is a plan of the actions that are needed in order to achieve an aim

a tactic is an action that helps to achieve something specific

a feigned retreat is pretending to retreat in order to lure the enemy into a more vulnerable position

an invasion is when an army or country uses force to go into and take control of another country

an oath was a very serious promise made on a holy item

a papal banner was a symbol from the pope showing  his support for something

in medieval society, barons were men who the monarch had granted land to directly

an abbey is a building for monks or nuns to live and work in

a manoeuvre is to move troops into specific positions

an area of land that is nearly an island - surrounded by the sea on three sides - is known as an isthmus

a muster point is an agreed place for troops to meet up before a battle

receiving property or other items from a parent or other after their death

the support that an overlord provided to their vassal in return for homage

an architectural style inspired by the buildings of ancient Rome

the ability to choose and appoint bishops and abbots

the language spoken by ordinary people in a region or country

a direct or first-hand piece of evidence from the past

what is happening at the time of a historical event, possibly shaping it

ways in which questions about history are shaped

when something continues without changing

why something happens, what its causes are

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Historic Environment: Norman England

Battle of Hastings

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