Biology

Pupils will learn about the use of antibiotics against pathogens, and the development of new drugs and novel treatments for disease.

Pupils learned about non-communicable diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; and about communicable diseases in humans and plant caused by pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

Defences against pathogens, the human immune system and vaccination

Pupils will learn how substances essential for chemical reactions, and the products of the reactions, are transported into, around and out of plants, and about factors affecting the rate of water uptake by a plant.

Pupils learned about photosynthesis in producers, including a two-stage model of the process and the requirements and products of each stage.

Aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration

Pupils learned about biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, measuring population size, interdependence and competition in ecosystems, how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect communities, the cycling of carbon and water, and the role of microorganisms in cycling materials through ecosystems.

Maintaining biodiversity and human impacts

Pupils will learn about ways in which the human body maintains a constant internal environment in response to internal and external change, including changes in temperature and water balance.

Pupils learned about aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, including the chemical reactants and products of the processes, and practical ways to measure the rate of cellular respiration in living cells.

Transport and exchange surfaces in plants

Pupils will learn about the roles of hormones in controlling plant growth and development, including growth responses to stimuli including light and gravity.

Pupils learned about unspecialised cells in animals and plants, how they become specialised, and potential benefits and issues with using stem cells in medicine.

Hormones and human reproduction

Pupils will learn about uses of gene technology in medicine, such as for genetic testing, and in agriculture, such as the production of genetically engineered crop plants with desirable characteristics.

Pupils learned about the roles of hormones in human reproduction, including control of the menstrual cycle, and other uses of hormones such as in in contraception.

Plant growth and development

Pupils will learn about factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants, including temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration.

Pupils learned how substances essential for chemical reactions, and the products of the reactions, are transported into, around and out of plants, and about factors affecting the rate of water uptake by a plant.

Coordination and control: maintaining a constant internal environment

Pupils learned about ways in which the human body maintains a constant internal environment in response to internal and external change, including changes in temperature and water balance.

Photosynthesis: factors affecting the rate

Pupils learned about human and plant defences against pathogens, the role of white blood cells in the human immune system, and the use of vaccination to protect against communicable diseases.

Medicines and new treatments for disease

Pupils will learn about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and that subcellular evidence, including from analysis of genomes, has led to the classification and sometimes reclassification of organisms into taxonomic groups from species to domains.

Pupils learned that the fossil record provides evidence of evolution from common ancestors through transitional species to modern species, and that the theory of evolution by natural selection can be used to explain phenotypic changes in populations of species over generations.

Variation and natural selection at the genetic level

Pupils learned that random genetic mutation is a source of heritable variation, and that evolution occurs through the natural selection of genetic variants linked to advantageous phenotypes.

Classification in modern biology

Pupils learned about the roles of hormones in controlling plant growth and development, including growth responses to stimuli including light and gravity.

Biology

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