KS3 & KS4 science curriculum

This unit builds on pupils’ prior learning from Structure and bonding, where they explored how different types of chemical bonds affect the properties of substances. It deepens their understanding by focusing on the unique bonding properties of carbon, including the formation of various allotropes and complex molecules. This prepares pupils for the next unit, Organic chemistry, where they will apply their knowledge to explore carbon-based compounds and their reactions, reinforcing the importance of carbon in organic structures and chemical processes.

1. Bonding to carbon atoms
2. Diamond and graphite
3. Using models to explain state changes
4. Graphene and fullerenes
5. Discovery and uses of carbon nanostructures
6. Hydrocarbons
7. Bonding, structure and properties
8. Nanoparticles

• Covalent bonds form when non-metal atoms share electrons.
• Non-metal, covalent molecules form simple molecules or giant covalent (macromolecular) structures.
• Non-metals atoms in group 5 can form three covalent bonds; those in group 4, four covalent bonds.
• Simple molecules have low melting and boiling points because the intermolecular forces between them are weak, requiring little energy.
• Giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points because the strong covalent bonds need a lot of energy to be broken.