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      Bringing together taal, raag, and drone

      I can add a drone to the taal and raag for an effective Hindustani classical musical performance.

      Copyrighted materials: to view and download resources from this lesson, you’ll need to be in the UK and

      Lesson 6 of 6
      New
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      • Year 4

      Bringing together taal, raag, and drone

      I can add a drone to the taal and raag for an effective Hindustani classical musical performance.

      Copyrighted materials: to view and download resources from this lesson, you’ll need to be in the UK and

      Lesson details

      Key learning points

      1. Nada Brahma, in Indian philosophy, means God is sound or the universe is sound.
      2. The drone is the constant sound that runs through Hindustani classical music.
      3. The drone symbolises the idea of Nada Brahma - the fundamental constant sound.
      4. The three main components of Hindustani classical music are taal, raag, and drone.
      5. We can clap and tap the taal, play a melody and improvise in the raag, and sing and hold a drone note.

      Keywords

      • Drone - a constant, pitched sound that continues throughout a piece of music

      • Improvisation - creative, in-the-moment musical composition

      • Tanpura - a long-necked, plucked Indian instrument on which the drone is played

      • Texture - the combination of different layers of sound

      Common misconception

      Using just one note as a harmony would sound boring

      Using a drone as part of a Hindustani classical performance adds an effective, meaningful and symbolic layer to the music

      For the taal - if children can't clap and speak the rhythm cycle - they can do one or the other. For the raag - If some children prefer to sing the melody they can - likewise if some prefer to play the melody they can. For the drone - Children can sing a low Sa (C), a high 'Sa (C) or a Pa (G).
      Teacher tip

      Equipment

      Pitched percussion instruments such as glockenspiels, xylophones or chime bars. Approx 15.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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      Lesson appears in

      UnitMusic / Compose and Create: improvising within Hindustani classical music