Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish
      New
      New

      Vertical layering

      I can explain how linear loops work in video games and have created some for a racing game.

      Copyrighted materials: to view and download resources from this lesson, you’ll need to be in the UK and

      Lesson 3 of 5
      New
      New
      • Year 10
      • AQA

      Vertical layering

      I can explain how linear loops work in video games and have created some for a racing game.

      Copyrighted materials: to view and download resources from this lesson, you’ll need to be in the UK and

      Lesson details

      Key learning points

      1. Video game composers make music adaptive by using linear loops and vertical layering.
      2. This allows music to quickly and seamlessly respond to changes caused by a player’s actions.
      3. Adding (or removing) layers to develop the texture is one way to do vertical layering.
      4. Adding a harmonised melody is another common tool used by composers for this purpose.

      Keywords

      • Linear loop - a repeating musical idea in a video game that can be looped indefinitely

      • Adaptive music - music that can change by reacting to a stimulus; video game music reacts to the player's actions

      • Vertical layering - where layers of music are 'stacked' on top of each other and change in response to the player’s actions

      • Arpeggio - notes of a chord played separately, ascending or descending

      • Harmonisation - adding notes to a melody to create harmony with the main melodic notes (also called harmonising)

      Common misconception

      Reharmonising a melody is as simple as playing it a third higher.

      While this can be effective, for certain melodies this won't work effectively. Instead, experimenting with the harmonised melody both above and below the main melody is key, as well as experimenting with 3rds and 6ths.

      If possible, explore real video game music with pupils. Classic games such as Mario Kart 64 demonstrate many key principles - linear loops, vertical layering etc. - but more modern titles are also based upon the same principles. Analysing gameplay videos can put this learning in context for pupils.
      Teacher tip

      Equipment

      DAW, notation software, keyboard or other suitable instrument as a composition tool

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

      Sign in to continue

      Our content remains 100% free, but to access certain copyrighted materials, you'll need to sign in. This ensures we’re both staying within the rules.

      P.S. Signing in also gives you more ways to make the most of Oak like unit downloads!

      An illustration of a hijabi teacher writing on a whiteboard

      Lesson appears in

      UnitMusic / Extending understanding in film music: video game music

      AQAMusic

      EduqasMusic

      OCRMusic