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The environmental impacts of AI

Lesson details

Learning outcome

I can compare the energy and resource demands of AI systems with traditional digital tools.

Key learning points

  1. Data centres use huge amounts of electricity to power servers and lots of water to cool hardware.
  2. They also require a number of rare minerals and generate electronic waste.
  3. Training AI systems, the first step in making an AI model, requires more energy and water than basic AI tool usage.
  4. Using AI tools is more resource-hungry than standard search queries.
  5. To use digital tools responsibly, choose energy-efficient methods like search engines for simple information look-up.

Keywords

  • Server - a computer that stores, manages and shares files, data and resources in a network

  • Data centre - a facility that houses servers, storage systems and networking equipment to store, process and distribute data

  • Training - the process of an AI system analysing large datasets to identify patterns and refine the algorithms it uses to predict outputs

  • Electronic waste (e-waste) - discarded electrical or electronic equipment like phones, laptops and batteries

Common misconception

Using AI tools to search for information I need is the same as using a search engine.

AI tools use more resources than traditional search engines as training their models requires vast amounts of processing power.

Teacher tip

In Task B learners are asked to identify energy-efficient tools for digital tasks from a provided list, to extend this task you could get learners to reflect on their own digital tasks and AI usage and consider the associated energy demands.

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
(Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

6 Questions

Q1.
Which of these is a benefit of using an instant messaging app compared to a traditional phone call?

it is the only way to contact a group of people
Correct answer: you can send images, videos and voice notes
it doesn't require an internet connection
it is only used for formal school work

Q2.
Many digital tools fall into more than one category. Which of the following are examples of an 'interaction tool'?

a standard digital clock
a calculator used for maths problems
Correct answer: a messaging application
Correct answer: a school virtual learning environment (VLE)

Q3.
What is the main difference between a standard search engine and generative AI?

standard search engines are always faster
generative AI only works on mobile phones
Correct answer: generative AI creates new content based on a prompt
standard search engines cannot find images

Q4.
How does AI summarisation technology work?

it deletes every second word in a long sentence
it asks a human to read the article and write a summary
it translates the text into a different language first
Correct answer: it identifies patterns to predict which sentences are most important

Q5.
Which of the following is a challenge specifically related to AI systems?

they make computers run too slowly to use
they only work during the daytime
they cannot be used for communication
Correct answer: access to the most advanced systems is unequal

Q6.
When a social media app suggests a video "Because you watched...", what AI feature is it using?

smart navigation
Correct answer: recommendation engine
background remover
predictive text

6 Questions

Q1.
What are the two primary resources that data centres need massive amounts of to keep servers running?

solar panels
Correct answer: electricity
natural gas
Correct answer: fresh water

Q2.
Why does a generative AI search use more energy than a traditional web search?

it has to travel further across the internet
traditional searches don't use data centres
it uses more bright colours on the screen
Correct answer: it must calculate new patterns and create a response every time

Q3.
Which stage of an AI system's life cycle is generally considered the most resource-heavy and energy-intensive?

Correct answer: training the model
testing the model
using the model
deleting the model

Q4.
What are some of the hidden environmental impacts of AI hardware?

Correct answer: they use over 30 different rare minerals
Correct answer: they produce large amounts of e-waste (electronic waste) from outdated chips
plastic is used in the mouse and keyboard
Correct answer: large areas of land are used for data centre warehouses

Q5.
Why does AI hardware (like GPUs) create more e-waste than standard office computers?

the hardware is made of glass, which breaks easily
you cannot recycle AI computers at all
Correct answer: AI technology moves so fast that hardware becomes outdated in 2–3 years
AI hardware is designed to be thrown away after one use

Q6.
From the following list, choose the task where using a standard search engine would be more appropriate than using an AI tool.

when you want to write a new fictional story
when you want to generate a brand new image
Correct answer: when you are looking up existing information or facts
when you want to have a long conversation with a chatbot

To help you plan your 8 digital literacy lesson on: The environmental impacts of AI, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...