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      Exploring Prospero's power over Caliban in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse the ways in which Prospero exerts his power over Caliban in Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ and how this might relate to ideas of colonialism.

      Key learning points

      1. Prospero repeatedly calls Caliban his slave, emphasising Caliban’s inferiority.
      2. Prospero rules Caliban through fear.
      3. ‘The Tempest’ is considered by many scholars to be a comment on colonialism.
      4. Caliban could be considered representative of indigenous people controlled by colonists.

      Keywords

      • Representative - Being representative of something means being an example.

      • Superior - Being superior means being higher in rank, status, or quality.

      • Inferior - Being inferior means being lower in rank, status, or quality.

      • Power - Having power means being able to control people or events.

      Common misconception

      That characters are only meant to be read as themselves.

      Often in literature, the characters are the writer's way of commenting on something happening in the world.

      Teacher tip

      You could offer the pupils some critical readings of 'The Tempest' and colonialism to further their knowledge.

      Equipment

      You may want a copy of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of peer pressure or bullying

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      If someone repeats something, what are they trying to show about what they have said?

      that it's not important
      Correct answer: that you should try to remember it
      that they've forgotten it

      Q2.
      Britain used to control many other countries. This was known as the British .

      Country
      Correct answer: Empire
      Continent
      Group

      Q3.
      If you are able to control someone else then you are said to have over them.

      Correct Answer: power, Power

      Q4.
      If someone has power over you then it means their status is .

      Correct answer: superior
      inferior
      the same as yours

      Q5.
      Why might someone compare an experience to something else when describing it?

      to make it harder for you to understand
      Correct answer: to make it easier for you to picture the experience
      to add more importance to their description

      Q6.
      What is the purpose of threatening someone?

      Correct answer: to make them scared of you
      to make them like you
      to make them angry at you

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      If someone has an inferior position then it means they are .

      higher in status or rank
      Correct answer: lower in status or rank
      equal in status or rank

      Q2.
      In Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', which two of the following does Prospero threaten Caliban with?

      Correct answer: cramps
      malnourishment
      dehydration
      Correct answer: being pinched

      Q3.
      Why does Prospero repeat that Caliban is his 'slave' six times in Act 1, Scene 2 of 'The Tempest'?

      because otherwise he'd forget
      to emphasise Caliban's superiority
      Correct answer: to emphasise his power

      Q4.
      In 'The Tempest' Prospero's threats towards Caliban would make him feel .

      warmly towards Prospero
      jealous of Prospero
      Correct answer: afraid of Prospero

      Q5.
      Colonialism is .

      the process of making new laws
      Correct answer: the process of taking control of another country
      the process of trading with another country

      Q6.
      Which two of the following are reasons why 'The Tempest' has been read as a comment on colonialism?

      Correct answer: Prospero arrives on the island and takes control.
      Prospero is banished from his own country.
      Correct answer: Prospero enslaves Caliban.
      Prospero is a controlling character.

      To help you plan your 7 English lesson on: Exploring Prospero's power over Caliban in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...