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      'Jekyll and Hyde': moral decay and respectability

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse how Stevenson's depictions of Hyde convey the impact of Industrial Revolution on Victorian behaviour.

      Key learning points

      1. Vice was common in Victorian society; the wealthy could hide it, while the poor faced harsher judgement.
      2. Poorer people often turned to drinking, violence or crime, while the rich indulged in debauchery and illicit affairs.
      3. The philanthropic Victorian gentleman often served as a façade to cover up the wealthy’s moral corruption.
      4. Hyde symbolises Victorian moral decay, embodying Jekyll's darker impulses; he is cruel, wild and aggressive.
      5. Utterson's refusal to confront Jekyll about Hyde can also be seen as an example of moral decay.

      Keywords

      • Façade - deceptive outward appearance that hides the true nature of someone or something

      • Debauchery - excessive indulgence in sensory pleasures, often associated with immoral or corrupt behaviour

      • Vice - a moral fault or weakness leading to immoral or unethical behaviour and choices

      • Impulses - sudden urges or desires to act, often without forethought or consideration of consequences

      • Moral decay - the decline of ethical standards and values within a society or individual

      Common misconception

      Immoral behaviour was something only the lower classes engaged in.

      Immoral behaviour was something that crossed class boundaries but it manifested differently; for the lower classes, vice was survival-based with many turning to crime to survive whereas the wealthy engaged in debauchery and illicit affairs.

      Teacher tip

      After feeding back on Task B, you may wish to expand the debate, considering how moral or immoral all of the characters in the novella are. For example, the woman who answers Hyde's door, Enfield or Lanyon.

      Equipment

      You will need access to specific extracts from 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' by Robert Louis Stevenson. You can find the extracts in the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of sexual violence

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following best describes the working class in Victorian society?

      wealthy landowners
      Correct answer: factory workers with low wages
      highly educated professionals
      philanthropic businessmen

      Q2.
      How did Victorian morality influence societal expectations?

      encouraged open discussions about personal desires
      Correct answer: promoted strict moral codes and respectability
      supported the idea of individualism
      discouraged philanthropy and charity

      Q3.
      What was a common living condition for the working class in Victorian cities?

      spacious suburban homes
      clean but crowded apartments
      Correct answer: overcrowded and unsanitary housing
      rural farmhouses

      Q4.
      Who is Mr. Utterson in 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'?

      Correct answer: Dr. Jekyll's lawyer and friend
      a doctor and colleague of Dr. Jekyll
      an ex-police detective
      someone who knew Mr. Hyde as a child

      Q5.
      How does Utterson feel about Mr. Hyde in 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'?

      he trusts him completely
      he is indifferent to him
      he admires him
      Correct answer: he is suspicious and disturbed

      Q6.
      What is the name of the man Hyde viciously murders in the street in Chapter 4 of 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'?

      Mr. Utterson
      Correct answer: Sir Danvers Carew
      Dr. Jekyll
      Dr. Lanyon

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does 'vice' mean in the context of morality?

      a lawful act
      strong personal values
      public service
      Correct answer: immoral or wicked behaviour

      Q2.
      How did poorer people often cope with their circumstances in Victorian society?

      by engaging in charitable work
      Correct answer: by turning to heavy drinking and petty crime
      by investing in education
      by forming community support groups

      Q3.
      Complete this sentence: 'The figure of the philanthropic Victorian was ...

      a genuine advocate for the poor and oppressed.'
      Correct answer: often a façade to mask their own moral failings.'
      an important leader in the Industrial Revolution.'
      frequently a champion of progressive social reform.'

      Q4.
      In the 'Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', Hyde symbolises Victorian , embodying Jekyll’s darker impulses; he is cruel, wild and aggressive.

      Correct Answer: moral decay

      Q5.
      What could Utterson’s reluctance to confront Jekyll represent in 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'?

      Correct answer: an example of moral decay
      a lack of community spirit
      the strength of their friendship
      acceptance of his actions

      Q6.
      Complete this sentence about 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde': 'Stevenson depicts Carew as civilised and dignified, highlighting his __________ and high status.'

      age
      jealousy
      Correct answer: respectability
      violent tendencies

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: 'Jekyll and Hyde': moral decay and respectability, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...