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      Using figurative language in non-fiction writing

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can show understanding of figurative language by exploring its effects and using it in my own writing.

      Key learning points

      1. Figurative language sees writers use non-literal words and phrases to develop complex ideas about something, or someone.
      2. De Quincey uses figurative language in his autobiography to develop complex ideas about opium and the chemist.
      3. When writing figuratively, you should consider the ideas you are trying to convey and use words which develop this idea.

      Keywords

      • Literal - factual, exact

      • Figurative language - non-literal words and phrases which develop a writer’s meaning

      • Celestial - belonging or relating to heaven

      • Manna - in the Bible, this was food that God provided to the Israelites to sustain them during 40 years in the wilderness

      • Ambrosia - food of the Greek and Roman gods

      Common misconception

      You can only use figurative language in fictional writing.

      Non-fiction writers, just like fiction writers, are trying to create interesting, original and compelling ideas that their readers will remember, enjoy and learn from.

      Teacher tip

      In order to understand the Learning Cycles in this lesson, pupils will need to have already read 'Thomas De Quincey's 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater'. Consider if you need to read and understand this extract with your pupils before embarking on the lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match each term to its definition. (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct Answer:metaphor,making a direct comparison

      making a direct comparison

      Correct Answer:hyperbole,exaggeration

      exaggeration

      Correct Answer:imagery,phrases which create a vivid picture in your mind

      phrases which create a vivid picture in your mind

      Correct Answer:connotations,ideas that are suggested by a word or phrase

      ideas that are suggested by a word or phrase

      Q2.
      Match each word to its definition. (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct Answer:chemist,a person who sells medicinal drugs in a shop

      a person who sells medicinal drugs in a shop

      Correct Answer:opium,an addictive drug

      an addictive drug

      Correct Answer:celestial,belonging or relating to heaven

      belonging or relating to heaven

      Correct Answer:manna,food God provided to Israelites in the wilderness

      food God provided to Israelites in the wilderness

      Correct Answer:ambrosia,food of the Greek and Roman gods

      food of the Greek and Roman gods

      Q3.
      Which of these words are synonyms for the word literal? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      fictional
      Correct answer: factual
      figurative
      Correct answer: exact
      metaphorical

      Q4.
      Thomas De Quincey wrote 'Confessions of an English ' in 1821 (Non-fiction: crime and punishment).

      Correct Answer: Opium-Eater, Opium Eater

      Q5.
      Thomas De Quincey 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater' is an example of what type of text? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      biography
      extract
      fiction
      novel
      Correct answer: autobiography

      Q6.
      Starting with the first, put these ideas from Thomas De Quincey's 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater' in chronological order. (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      1 - De Quincey says he didn't take opium for pleasure.
      2 - De Quincey says he took opium to relieve his stomach "pain".
      3 - De Quincey says he first took opium after waking up in terrible pain.
      4 - De Quincey explains how a friend suggested he take opium.
      5 - De Quincey says he first got the "celestial drug" from the chemist.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      language is non-literal words and phrases which develop a writer's meaning. (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct Answer: figurative

      Q2.
      Which of these words or phrases are antonyms for the word literal? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct answer: fictional
      factual
      Correct answer: figurative
      exact
      Correct answer: metaphorical

      Q3.
      Which of these sentences are examples of literal language? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      I am a regular opium-eater.
      Correct answer: I experienced extreme hunger when young.
      The pain attacked me.
      Correct answer: I used to wash my face in cold water.

      Q4.
      Which of these techniques come under the term figurative language? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      statistics
      Correct answer: metaphor
      Correct answer: hyperbole
      alliteration
      adjectives

      Q5.
      Which of these sentences uses the word celestial, or its forms, correctly? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct answer: We sang a hymn to celestial beings in heaven.
      She was a celestial, always doing the wrong thing.
      Correct answer: She had a celestial smile and I felt awed by her power.
      This meal was prepared celestially for you.

      Q6.
      Which sentence uses the word ambrosia correctly? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

      Correct answer: After no breakfast, any lunch would have felt like ambrosia.
      She saw an ambrosia on the table for lunch.
      It was deliciously ambrosia.

      To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Using figurative language in non-fiction writing, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...