Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      The impact of eruptions: Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe and explain the forces at work when volcanoes erupt, and how these may alter the landscape and environment.

      Key learning points

      1. Iceland is located on the Mid Atlantic Ridge where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates diverge.
      2. The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occurred on 14 April 2010 and continued for over one month.
      3. Heat from the eruption caused the glacier covering Eyjafjallajökull to melt and the resulting flood water damaged roads.
      4. Ash from the eruption rose high into the atmosphere and grounded aircraft, impacting on the European economy.

      Keywords

      • Diverge - To diverge is to go in different directions from the same starting point

      • Economy - The economy is the way money in a particular area is made and spent

      • Meltwater - Meltwater is water from the melting of snow or ice

      Common misconception

      Pupils assume that all volcanic eruptions cause fatalities.

      Fatalities are reduced through detection and warning systems; evacuation procedures; emergency service response, training and funding. Iceland is very well prepared for volcanic eruptions.

      Teacher tip

      Learn how to pronounce and spell Eyjafjallajökull before the lesson or use its nickname: E15.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Iceland is located in which continent?

      North America
      South America
      Africa
      Correct answer: Europe
      Asia

      Q2.
      Earth's mantle is being melted and moved by which of Earth's layers?

      the crust
      the mantle
      Correct answer: the core

      Q3.
      The impact of a volcano is...

      Correct answer: the effect it has
      the strength of its eruption
      the location it is in
      the duration of its eruption

      Q4.
      What does volcanic ash consist of?

      lava
      magma
      minerals
      Correct answer: minerals, rock and glass

      Q5.
      The majority of volcanoes occur...

      Correct answer: at tectonic plate boundaries
      randomly
      where land meets the sea

      Q6.
      When tectonic plates move away from each other they...

      Correct answer: converge
      diverge
      increase speed

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In what year did E15 erupt?

      2008
      Correct answer: 2010
      2012
      2014
      2016

      Q2.
      Iceland sits on a 16,000km long tectonic plate boundary that cuts through its centre. What is this tectonic plate boundary known as?

      The Mid-Pacific Ridge
      The Mid-Arctic Ridge
      Correct answer: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
      The Mid-Antarctic Ridge

      Q3.
      At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, two tectonic plates (the North American plate and the Eurasian plate) diverge or move apart. The North American plate moves west and the Eurasian plate moves...

      Correct Answer: East

      Q4.
      When E15 erupted it lay beneath a 200m thick sheet of...

      Correct Answer: ice

      Q5.
      Ash from the eruption of E15 rose high into the atmosphere and grounded...

      cars
      boats
      Correct answer: aeroplanes
      trains

      Q6.
      Which was an impact of flooding from the eruption of E15 in Iceland?

      flights were cancelled
      many lives were lost
      Correct answer: roads were closed and 700 people were evacuated

      To help you plan your 4 geography lesson on: The impact of eruptions: Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...