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      Development opportunities and challenges in the Kalahari Desert

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the opportunities and challenges of developing hot desert environments in the Kalahari Desert.

      Key learning points

      1. The Kalahari Desert is an example of a hot desert.
      2. There are opportunities for development in the Kalahari Desert (mineral extraction, energy, farming, tourism).
      3. There are challenges for developing hot desert environments in the Kalahari (extreme temperatures, water supply).

      Keywords

      • Arid - a climate with little to no rainfall

      • Indigenous - the people or animals that originally lived and may continue to live in a particular country or region

      • Mineral extraction - the process of removing valuable minerals from the earth

      • Tourism - the business of attracting and taking care of visitors to a place

      Common misconception

      Hot deserts are barren, lifeless areas with no real economic potential.

      Deserts can have significant opportunities for economic development, for example mineral extraction, solar energy, tourism and irrigated farming.

      Teacher tip

      Set students the task of developing a fact file on this case study for homework, which they can then use for revision closer to the exam.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Less than how many millimetres of annual rainfall characterises a hot desert?

      Correct Answer: 250, 250 mm, Two hundred and fifty

      Q2.
      In a climate graph as shown, what type of graph displays rainfall?

      An image in a quiz
      line graph
      Correct answer: bar graph
      scattergraph
      pictogram

      Q3.
      Looking at the climate graph of the desert in Las Vegas, identify the month which has the lowest rainfall.

      An image in a quiz
      February
      March
      Correct answer: June
      December

      Q4.
      Which industry would be involved in organising tours of hot deserts for people to photograph desert features and wildlife?

      Large-scale agriculture
      Correct answer: Tourism
      Manufacturing
      Logging

      Q5.
      Which of these are positives of tourism in hot desert locations?

      Correct answer: Creates jobs
      Creates additional water stress
      Correct answer: Brings investment and income
      Correct answer: Spreads understanding of the value of vulnerable desert landscapes

      Q6.
      Which of these is a major challenge for human settlement in hot deserts?

      Easy access to clean water
      High population density
      Correct answer: High temperatures and scarce water
      Abundant fertile land
      Q2 Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2025); ECMWF; ERA5. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 Q3 Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2025); ECMWF; ERA5. Licensed under CC BY 4.0

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Name the countries that the Kalahari desert is spread across.

      Correct answer: Namibia
      Zimbabwe
      Correct answer: Botswana
      Kenya
      Correct answer: South Africa

      Q2.
      Which of the following is a significant economic opportunity in the Kalahari Desert?

      Logging of forests
      Correct answer: Mineral extraction
      Urban development
      Growing water-intensive crops

      Q3.
      Which word means the people or animals that originally lived and may continue to live in a particular country or region?

      Nomadic
      Correct answer: Indigeneous
      Immigrant
      Settler

      Q4.
      Match each challenge in the Kalahari Desert with its impact on development.

      Correct Answer:Extreme temperatures,Heat makes it difficult for people to work outside

      Heat makes it difficult for people to work outside

      Correct Answer:Water scarcity,Limits agriculture and tourism

      Limits agriculture and tourism

      Correct Answer:Inaccessibility,Requires costly infrastructure for access

      Requires costly infrastructure for access

      Correct Answer:Indigenous displacement,Causes social tensions and cultural loss

      Causes social tensions and cultural loss

      Q5.
      Why does the Kalahari have such great potential for creating renewable energy such as solar power?

      Correct answer: Equatorial location means it receives long hours of sunshine through the year
      Frequent rainfall provides a clean water source to cool solar panels
      Correct answer: High air pressure zone location means clear skies and uninterrupted sunshine
      The desert’s high winds help generate consistent solar energy
      Correct answer: Open desert landscapes provide ample space for large solar farms

      Q6.
      Which of the following is a key environmental challenge for development in the Kalahari Desert?

      High number of sunshine hours annually
      High population density
      Frequent floods
      Correct answer: Water scarcity
      Mineral deposits

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Development opportunities and challenges in the Kalahari Desert, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...