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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how Richard, Duke of York, came to challenge the rule of King Henry VI.

      Key learning points

      1. Unlike his successful warrior-king father, Henry VI was a weak Lancastrian king, lacking leadership and strength.
      2. Between 1450 and 1453 England lost land in France including Normandy and Gascony and rebellion rose in southern England.
      3. Henry VI collapsed and Richard, Duke of York, a noble of royal blood, seized his chance to take control of government.
      4. In December 1454, Henry VI resumed his rule and excluded York from government, leading to the Battle of St Albans.
      5. England had become unstable due Henry's weakness and York's willingness to use force against him.

      Keywords

      • House - a family title, often used by royalty, which consists of monarchs who are related to each other

      • Normandy - a region in northern France

      • Gascony - an area of southwestern France which was owned by the English from 1151-1453

      Common misconception

      Students may believed that the Yorkists and Lancastrians were from different families.

      The Lancastrians and Yorkists were both part of the Plantagenet family.

      Teacher tip

      Explain that families have different sides to them, dependent on each parent.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The year 1455 is part of the century.

      Correct Answer: 15th, 15, fifteen, fifteenth, Fifteenth

      Q2.
      The Wars of the Roses lasted three decades. How many years did the Wars of the Roses last?

      3 years
      Correct answer: 30 years
      300 years

      Q3.
      The Wars of the Roses was fought between different groups of English nobles, in England. Why might the Wars of the Roses be described as a civil war?

      Correct answer: It was fought between people of the same country.
      It was fought over a long period of time.
      It was fought between two different countries.
      It was a largely peaceful conflict.

      Q4.
      Starting with the most powerful, put the groups within medieval society into order.

      1 - kings and queens
      2 - nobles
      3 - knights
      4 - peasants

      Q5.
      Write the missing word: A medieval king could succeed to the throne by winning a...

      Correct Answer: battle, Battle, fight, war, War

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort these events from the Wars of the Roses into chronological order.

      1 - 1455 The Battle of St Albans
      2 - 1461 The Battle of Towton
      3 - 1471 The Battle of Tewkesbury
      4 - 1485 The Battle of Bosworth Field

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which royal family fought each other during the Wars of the Roses?

      the Tudors
      the Normans
      Correct answer: the Plantagenets
      the Stuarts

      Q2.
      Write the missing word: The Wars of the Roses was fought between the House of York and the House of ...

      Correct Answer: Lancaster, lancaster

      Q3.
      Match each keyword with its definition.

      Correct Answer:House,monarchs who are related to each other

      monarchs who are related to each other

      Correct Answer:Normandy,a region in northern France

      a region in northern France

      Correct Answer:Gascony,an area of southwestern France, lost by the English in 1453

      an area of southwestern France, lost by the English in 1453

      Q4.
      Write the missing word: Richard, Duke of York, became Protector of England because King was experiencing poor mental health.

      Edward III
      Edward IV
      Correct answer: Henry VI
      Henry VII

      Q5.
      At which battle did York's army fight the first battle of the Wars of the Roses against the king in 1455?

      Tewkesbury
      Towton
      Bosworth Field
      Correct answer: St Albans

      Q6.
      Put the following events in the correct chronological order.

      1 - Richard, Duke of York, was appointed as Protector of England.
      2 - The king recovered from his illness and was able to take control again.
      3 - Richard, Duke of York, fought against the king in order to stay in power.
      4 - The king's army was defeated and Richard, Duke of York became Protector again.

      To help you plan your 7 history lesson on: Henry VI and Richard of York, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...