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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe features of the Battle of Hastings.

      Key learning points

      1. William of Normandy invaded England after Harold had fought the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
      2. Harold's army consisted of an elite of housecarls with the majority being the untrained peasant conscripts of the fyrd.
      3. Harold held the high ground on Senlac Hill with a shield wall.
      4. William’s army mainly consisted of professional soldiers using a mix of archers and cavalry charges.
      5. William's tactics brought him victory while Harold and many Anglo-Saxon nobles were killed.

      Keywords

      • Fyrd - the Anglo-Saxon fyrd was an army made up of mostly untrained conscripts from England’s peasant population

      • Housecarl - the housecarl was an elite unit of the Anglo-Saxon army: a well-trained and well-equipped soldier

      • Knight - the knight was the elite unit of the Norman army: a soldier who fought on horseback, riding a specially-trained war horse

      • Shield wall - a shield wall is a military tactic where soldiers stood in a long line overlapping their shields to form a wall of shields

      • Feigned retreat - a feigned retreat is when soldiers pretend to retreat in order to lure the enemy into a more vulnerable position

      Common misconception

      The shield wall was not a very sophisticated or effective military tactic.

      In fact, the shield wall proved effective in holding off the Norman attacks for many hours.

      Teacher tip

      The Bayeux Tapestry is a rare contemporary account of this period, which offers a visual scene-by-scene breakdown of the Battle of Hastings. Interweaving the Bayeux Tapestry with modern battle maps is a great way to bring this event to life.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Who was defeated at the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

      Correct answer: Tostig Godwinson
      Correct answer: Harald Hardrada
      Harold Godwinson
      William Duke of Normady

      Q2.
      The is the group that was raised to defend the southern coast after Harold Godwinson's coronation.

      Correct Answer: fyrd, Fyrd

      Q3.
      A group of ships, or all of the ships in a country's navy is known as a .

      Correct Answer: fleet, Fleet

      Q4.
      Which of the following statements are important in explaining Harold’s victory at Stamford Bridge?

      The Vikings were not equipped with weapons.
      Correct answer: The Vikings were not all wearing armour.
      Correct answer: Harold’s surprise attack.
      Harold’s army never crossed Stamford Bridge.

      Q5.
      Who landed on the south coast of England three days after the English victory at Stamford Bridge?

      Correct answer: William Duke of Normandy
      Harold Godwinson
      Tostig Godwinson

      Q6.
      This keyword is used to describe the people injured or killed in a war or in a specific battle.

      Correct Answer: Casualties , casualties

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What are housecarls?

      Correct answer: an elite unit of the Anglo-Saxon army: well-trained and well-equipped soldiers
      the elite unit of the Norman army: soldiers who fought on horseback
      an army made up of mostly untrained conscripts from England’s peasant population

      Q2.
      What signalled the start of the battle?

      Correct answer: trumpets
      Harold's arrival
      housecarls calling

      Q3.
      What was the preferred formation of the English army?

      feigned retreat
      Correct answer: shield wall
      positioning at the top of a hill

      Q4.
      How long did the battle last?

      one hour
      three hours
      five hours
      Correct answer: eight hours

      Q5.
      Who tipped back his helmet to show he was still alive?

      Harold Godwinson
      Correct answer: William, Duke of Normandy
      Harold’s brother, Leofwine

      Q6.
      Which tactic did William reportedly use to successfully weaken the English shield wall?

      archers' attack from behind the shield wall
      downhill charge by knights
      Correct answer: feigned retreat

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The Battle of Hastings, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...