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      Case study: Liverpool in the 19th century

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the reasons for increasing migration to Liverpool, the experiences of these migrants and the impact of these migrants on Liverpool.

      Key learning points

      1. Irish migrants made up most of the migrant community in Liverpool, most migrating as a result of the Great Famine.
      2. African and Caribbean sailors would settle in Liverpool, looking for work when they were not hired for return trips.
      3. Life for migrants in Liverpool was often positive, as the large existing migrant community provided many opportunities.
      4. Migrants in Liverpool had a significant impact on the local and national economy.

      Keywords

      • Transatlantic Slave Trade - the trade between Europe, West Africa and the Americas, where goods were exchanged for enslaved people who were sold onto plantations in European colonies

      • Lascar - a sailor, usually from Britain’s colonies across Africa and Asia

      • Emancipation - the act of being set free from legal, social or political restrictions

      Common misconception

      All migrants in Liverpool were from Ireland.

      While Irish migrants made up most of the migrant community in Liverpool, there were also a growing number of African and Caribbean sailors who settled in the city.

      Teacher tip

      Emphasise that life for migrants in Liverpool was often more positive, that this is often typical of places with large, established migrant communities. This often provides them safety to maintain autonomy in various ways, for example, practising Catholicism.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes a sailor, usually from Britain’s colonies across Africa and Asia?

      Correct Answer: lascar, lascars

      Q2.
      Which of the following places were considered British colonies by 1700?

      Correct answer: Ireland
      India
      Correct answer: the ‘Thirteen Colonies’
      China
      Correct answer: Barbados and Jamaica

      Q3.
      What was the significance of the 1778 Papist Act?

      gave Irish people in England the right to vote
      Correct answer: gave Irish migrants increasing civil liberties
      meant that Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

      Q4.
      Who was known for criticising British rule in India in their role as a Member of Parliament (MP)?

      Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
      Correct answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
      George Africanus
      Sir Mancherjee Bhownaggree

      Q5.
      Which migrant group's contribution to the building of railways and canals was essential for Britain’s Industrial Revolution?

      Indian ayahs
      Correct answer: Irish navvies
      African migrants

      Q6.
      Complete the sentence: Families who employed for the journey back to Britain tended to abandon the women as soon as they returned home.

      Correct Answer: ayahs, ayah

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes the trade between Europe, West Africa and the Americas, where goods were exchanged for enslaved people who were sold onto plantations in European colonies?

      Correct Answer: Transatlantic Slave Trade, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Atlantic Slave Trade

      Q2.
      Which word describes the act of being set free from legal, social or political restrictions?

      Correct Answer: emancipation, emancipated

      Q3.
      Why was there a significant wave of Irish migrants to Britain in the 1840s?

      Correct answer: natural disaster
      war
      religious persecution

      Q4.
      Why was Liverpool an attractive place for migrants to settle in the 19th century?

      good quality housing
      Correct answer: economic opportunities
      education opportunities

      Q5.
      Other than Irish migrants, which migrant group also chose to settle in Liverpool in the 19th century?

      Italian migrants
      German migrants
      Correct answer: African and Caribbean lascars
      Flemish and Walloon migrants

      Q6.
      How did the migrant community in Liverpool impact the British economy?

      settled in close-knit communities
      Correct answer: opened a variety of businesses
      Correct answer: built canals and railways throughout Britain
      attended British universities

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