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      European migration in the 18th and 19th centuries

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain the reasons for increasing migration from Europe, the experiences of these migrants and the impact of these migrants on Britain.

      Key learning points

      1. The start of the Hanoverian reign led to an increase in German migration, with German migrants welcomed by authorities.
      2. The French Revolution led to increasing migration from France.
      3. Despite French migrants initially being welcomed, attitudes towards French migrants became more hostile in the 1800s.
      4. Due to the Italian Wars of Independence, many Italian migrants settled and impacted various areas of life in Britain.

      Keywords

      • Marquis - a French nobleman

      Common misconception

      All European migrants can be said to have migrated for similar reasons and therefore had similar experiences.

      While there were some similarities in patterns of migration, the experiences of migrants often depended largely on their religion and their relationship with authorities.

      Teacher tip

      In explaining each migrant group's reasons for settling, experiences and impact, encourage students to see both similarities and differences in order to make some generalisations.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes when a country develops heavy industries on a huge scale?

      Correct Answer: industrialisation

      Q2.
      Which word means to move from one part of a nation to another?

      Correct Answer: internal migration

      Q3.
      Complete the sentence with the correct time period: From , Britain was transformed by the Industrial Revolution.

      c. 1650 to 1950
      c. 1650 to 1850
      c. 1750 to 1850
      c. 1750 to 1950

      Q4.
      Which of the following are ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed transport?

      The air travel network was developed as road travel was still too slow.
      Correct answer: The canal network was developed to link the main manufacturing areas with ports.
      Correct answer: The rail network was developed as road travel was still too slow.
      The motorway network was developed to connect London to all major cities.
      Correct answer: The road network was developed to connect London to all major cities.

      Q5.
      Match the steamship name to the correct journey it made.

      Correct Answer:'SS Great Western',sailed from Bristol to New York

      sailed from Bristol to New York

      Correct Answer:'SS Great Britain',sailed from Liverpool to Australia

      sailed from Liverpool to Australia

      Q6.
      Complete the sentence with the correct figures: London saw the greatest population growth in this period, from a population of just under people in 1800 to in 1900.

      Correct answer: 1 million
      1.6 million
      Correct answer: 6.6 million
      66.6 million

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes a French nobleman?

      Correct Answer: marquis

      Q2.
      Complete the sentence: The start of the reign led to an increase in German migration, with German migrants welcomed by authorities.

      Correct Answer: Hanoverian

      Q3.
      Where did most middle-class and professional Germans move to in London?

      Marylebone
      Correct answer: Kentish Town
      East London
      Correct answer: Camden
      Correct answer: Islington

      Q4.
      Who successfully asked to become a British citizen by an Act of Parliament in 1727?

      George Orwell
      George I
      Correct answer: George Frederick Handel
      George Harrison

      Q5.
      Which events led to increased migration to England from Europe?

      Correct answer: the Italian Wars of Independence
      the French Wars of Independence
      Correct answer: the French Revolution
      the Italian Revolution

      Q6.
      What impacts did Italian migrants have on Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries?

      Correct answer: brought Italian café culture to Britain
      opened pizza restaurants in Welsh towns and cities
      Correct answer: became known for making and selling ice cream
      Correct answer: opened fish and chip shops in Scottish towns and cities
      became known for making and selling pasta

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: European migration in the 18th and 19th centuries, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...