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      Developing chord progressions

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use harmonic devices to develop a chord progression.

      Key learning points

      1. Changing the harmonic rhythm can add interest to a composition. It can dramatically alter the mood in a piece.
      2. Harmonic devices such as pedal notes and drones are useful for building harmonic tension and adding colour.
      3. By adding extensions to chords, composers can enhance the expressive qualities of chord sequences.

      Keywords

      • Harmonic rhythm - Harmonic rhythm is how often the chords change.

      • Pedal note - A pedal note is a bass note that stays the same while chords change above it.

      • Drone - A drone is a long, sustained sound. Often it is low pitched and consists of two notes together - the tonic and dominant.

      • Extended chord - An extended chord is a chord that includes more than three different notes.

      Common misconception

      A pedal note is just a long, low note.

      A pedal note is a consistent pitch usually in the bass whilst the chords change. Encourage pupils to listen to and experiment with the pitch they choose for a pedal to hear the effect it has on the harmony.

      Teacher tip

      Adding a pedal is a very effective way for pupils to change the harmony of their music particularly when trying to show development. Give examples of different pedals (including in rhythm and octave) to avoid pupils assuming it is just adding a long, low note to their musical idea.

      Equipment

      A keyboard (or other suitable instrument) or DAW/notation software

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which one of these notes is the shortest?

      semibreve
      triplets
      Correct answer: semiquavers
      quavers
      crotchets

      Q2.
      Which of these notes make up a triad?

      sixth
      Correct answer: fifth
      second
      Correct answer: root
      Correct answer: third

      Q3.
      Which term describes when the harmony of the music sounds uncomfortable to the ear and feels like it needs to resolve?

      Correct Answer: dissonance

      Q4.
      Which are the tonic and dominant notes in the key of C?

      D
      Correct answer: C
      A
      Correct answer: G
      F

      Q5.
      Which chords are primary chords?

      ii
      Correct answer: V
      Correct answer: I
      vi
      Correct answer: IV

      Q6.
      Which of these is chord V in the key of G major?

      C E G
      Correct answer: D F# A
      G B D
      A C E
      D F A

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What effect can extended chords have on the harmony?

      Correct answer: adds some dissonance
      creates a melody
      Correct answer: sounds jazzy
      adds a pedal note

      Q2.
      What is the term for a bass note that stays the same while chords change above it?

      Correct answer: pedal note
      extended chord
      ostinato
      walking bass

      Q3.
      Which of these would create a more exciting composition?

      slow harmonic rhythm
      Correct answer: fast harmonic rhythm
      medium harmonic rhythm

      Q4.
      Which two of the following are features of a drone?

      Correct answer: A long, sustained sound.
      Changes pitch when the chords change.
      Correct answer: It often uses both tonic and dominant at the same time.
      It is typically played at a high pitch.

      Q5.
      An extended chord is a chord that includes more than __________ different notes.

      two
      Correct answer: three
      four
      five

      Q6.
      rhythm refers to how often the chords change.

      Correct Answer: Harmonic

      To help you plan your 10 music lesson on: Developing chord progressions, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...