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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can analyse how a composition uses harmony in specific ways to create harmonic variety and a satisfying harmonic journey.

      Key learning points

      1. Creating harmonic variety is an effective way to create a satisfying, interesting and balanced composition.
      2. This applies across many genres and styles, but the way it is done varies.
      3. In the Classical style, one effective method is to modulate to a closely-related key.
      4. Using varied chords and cadences also creates harmonic variety.
      5. Changing the harmonic rhythm and using devices such as dominant pedals can also be very effective.

      Keywords

      • Harmony - the way that notes combine to create chords and the way that these chords are used

      • Harmonic rhythm - how often the chords change in a chord progression

      • Dominant - chord V, which often resolves to chord I (the tonic)

      • Pedal - when the bass note stays the same, with the chords/harmony changing above

      Common misconception

      Harmonic contrast only comes from changing key or tonality.

      Harmonic contrast can come from many techniques, including simple ones such as choosing different chords, cadences and harmonic rhythm. In many styles, keeping the harmonic language simple, without using complex chords, can be most effective.

      Teacher tip

      This exemplar is also a useful starting point for exploring: imitation; melodic development; decorating a melody with chromatic notes; idiomatic Classical keyboard writing; minuet and trio norms; 3/4 accompaniment patterns; phrasing and articulation; dynamic contrast; use of rallentando/a tempo.

      Files needed for this lesson

      Composition exemplar - minuet and trio (audio) 2.7 MB (MP3)

      Composition exemplar - minuet and trio (score) 89 KB (PDF)

      Download these files to use in the lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

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