New
New
Lesson 1 of 5
  • Year 10

Self: what makes us who we are?

I can explain how the idea of self is interpreted differently in culture and philosophy.

Lesson 1 of 5
New
New
  • Year 10

Self: what makes us who we are?

I can explain how the idea of self is interpreted differently in culture and philosophy.

Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. Most human cultures have the concept of a self which makes a person what they are.
  2. A distinction is sometimes made between western ideas of the self and ideas in South East Asia influenced by Buddhism.
  3. Julian Baggini is a philosopher who talks about the bundle theory of the self.

Keywords

  • Bundle theory - the view (from Hume and Baggini) that the self is a collection of changing experiences, not a fixed core

  • Julian Baggini - a British philosopher who argues that the self is a bundle of experiences and a narrative we construct, not a fixed essence

  • Self - the concept of a person’s identity — physical, psychological, or spiritual — that makes them who they are

Common misconception

Students might assume that the Western idea of a fixed, continuous self is the “default” or most rational view.

This view is culturally specific, other traditions offer equally coherent but different models of the self.


To help you plan your year 10 religious education lesson on: Self: what makes us who we are?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...

Encourage students to compare Hindu ideas about self with Buddhist ideas. Hindus describing the Atman as the true self, it is eternal and unchanging. What seems like a separate self is Maya, an illusion. The self is not separate but part of Brahman, the universal reality.
Teacher tip

Equipment

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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Prior knowledge starter quiz

5 Questions

Q1.
Christians believe the soul lives on after .

Correct Answer: death, Death

Q2.
What belief about the soul is common to Hinduism, Sikhi and Buddhism?

the soul is made of fire
Correct answer: the soul is reborn or continues after death
there is no such thing as a soul

Q3.
In Islam, the soul is believed to be created by .

Correct Answer: Allah

Q4.
In Christianity and Islam, what do the body and soul do on the Day of Resurrection?

only the soul rises
Correct answer: the body and soul are reunited
neither rises

Q5.
In Christianity, what is the soul most often believed to be?

a physical organ
Correct answer: the eternal part of a person
a dream or illusion

Assessment exit quiz

5 Questions

Q1.
Which phrase best describes the Western idea of the self?

Correct answer: a fixed, unchanging core
a constantly changing flow
a temporary illusion

Q2.
Buddhism teaches the idea of , meaning “no permanent self".

Correct Answer: anatta, Anatta

Q3.
David Hume believed the self was:

a fixed spiritual soul
a physical organ
Correct answer: a bundle of perceptions

Q4.
Julian Baggini believes the self is like:

a photograph
a solid unchanging object
Correct answer: a story or a movie

Q5.
Baggini rejects the view, which says the self is a deep, unchanging core.

Correct Answer: pearl, Pearl