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      The discovery of the structure of DNA

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how scientists collected evidence and shared findings to develop a model to describe the structure of DNA.

      Key learning points

      1. DNA was discovered in 1869, but scientists did not work out its structure until 1953.
      2. Scientists collected evidence and shared findings to develop a model to describe the structure of DNA.
      3. Rosalind Franklin’s team in London used X-rays to produce an image of a DNA molecule in1952.
      4. Maurice Wilkins from Franklin’s group showed the picture to James Watson from Cambridge.
      5. Watson and Francis Crick used the picture evidence to complete a model to describe the double helix structure of DNA.

      Keywords

      • DNA - DNA is the chemical substance that genetic material is made out of; it stores the genetic code.

      • X-ray - An X-ray is a form of radiation that can be used for creating images.

      • Double helix - DNA has a double helix structure made from two chains in a spiral.

      • Genome - The genome is all of the genetic material of a cell.

      Common misconception

      DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick.

      The lesson explores the work of various scientists in developing our understanding of DNA, including Rosalind Franklin.

      Teacher tip

      The final task involves creating a timeline of historical events, which could be done as an engaging hands-on activity using images, displays and even multimedia.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which type of cell does not store DNA in a nucleus?

      Animal cell
      Plant cell
      Correct answer: Bacteria cell
      Fungi cell

      Q2.
      What is stored in DNA?

      an organism's features
      the nucleus
      Correct answer: the genetic code
      cells

      Q3.
      Which of the following statements best describe the structure of DNA?

      spiralled
      laddered
      helix
      Correct answer: double-helix

      Q4.
      DNA is passed from parent to offspring during which common life process?

      Correct Answer: reproduction, fertilisation, conception

      Q5.
      Why was the heredity of features discovered before DNA?

      Organisms only have a small amount of DNA.
      DNA is a chemical so cannot be observed.
      Correct answer: Features can be observed without apparatus, DNA cannot.

      Q6.
      What are the four letters that make up the genetic code?

      ACGD
      Correct answer: ATGC
      ADGC
      GCTD
      CGDA

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What did James Watson and Francis Crick discover?

      the role of DNA
      the existence of DNA
      Correct answer: the structure of DNA
      the location of DNA

      Q2.
      In 1952 what did Rosalind Franklin produce?

      a computer model
      a photograph
      a physical model
      Correct answer: an X-ray image

      Q3.
      What was the name of the scientist in a team with Rosalind Franklin at King's College?

      James Watson
      Correct answer: Maurice Wilkins
      Francis Crick

      Q4.
      Put these events in the discovery of DNA in the correct order.

      1 - DNA discovered to be a unique chemical molecule.
      2 - DNA discovered to be the material involved in heredity.
      3 - DNA structure discovered.
      4 - DNA sequencing invented.

      Q5.
      Which of the four scientists involved in the discovery of DNA was not awarded the Nobel prize?

      Correct Answer: Rosalind Franklin, Franklin, Rosalind

      Q6.
      All of the DNA in an organism is called the ...

      Correct Answer: genome

      To help you plan your 7 science lesson on: The discovery of the structure of DNA, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...