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      How is local government different to central government?

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain some of the key differences between local and central government.

      Key learning points

      1. The UK is a democracy which gives citizens the right to vote for people to make decisions on their behalf.
      2. The government is made up of two main branches, local and central, which have different roles and responsibilities.
      3. Central government makes laws and decisions about national issues. It is at the centre of decision-making.
      4. Local governments make decisions regarding how services are carried out in the local area.

      Keywords

      • Government - the individuals who have been elected and given the authority to run the state, led by the Prime Minister (PM) in the UK

      • Authority - the power or right to have official responsibility, to give orders and make decisions

      • Policies - courses of action or goals that people plan to carry out, or are in the process of carrying out

      • Democracy - a system of government in which citizens vote in regular, fair elections for representatives, who then make laws and decisions on their behalf

      Common misconception

      Local governments make laws.

      Laws are made by central government, which must be followed by local councils. However, they can lobby the central government and influence policy through campaigns, consultations and public pressure.

      Teacher tip

      When teaching about central and local governments in the UK, try to relate these abstract concepts to things pupils encounter in everyday life like school, rubbish collection, public transport and parks.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      The name for the group of elected people who run the UK is the ...

      Correct Answer: government

      Q2.
      Which of these is not an example of a democracy?

      free and fair voting system
      individual rights
      Correct answer: one person in charge of everything
      freedom of speech

      Q3.
      Which of these are reasons why it is important to learn about democracy at school?

      Correct answer: helps pupils to understand how decisions are made in the country
      Correct answer: teaches pupils about their rights and responsibilities
      Correct answer: prepares pupils to be informed, active citizens who contribute to society
      Correct answer: informs pupils how to make their voices heard, now and in the future
      so we can pick leaders who will always make us happy

      Q4.
      Which is the most accurate description of an 'active citizen'?

      Correct answer: a person who takes an active role in society in order to bring positive change
      a person who is up-to-date with the news
      a person with good leadership skills
      a person who pays their taxes

      Q5.
      Match the word to its correct definition.

      Correct Answer:community,people living in the same place or having particular characteristics

      people living in the same place or having particular characteristics

      Correct Answer:local,something that is in, represents or affects a small area, e.g. town

      something that is in, represents or affects a small area, e.g. town

      Correct Answer:national,something that is in, represents or affects an entire nation/country

      something that is in, represents or affects an entire nation/country

      Correct Answer:society,people living together in ordered communities

      people living together in ordered communities

      Q6.
      Every person who lives in the UK is allowed to vote to choose the leaders of their town or city. True or false?

      Correct Answer: False, false, No, incorrect, F

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the definition for the word 'authority'?

      the right to vote
      Correct answer: the power or right to give orders or make decisions
      the right to do whatever you want
      accepting orders and accepting decisions made by others

      Q2.
      If the definition is, 'a group of people given the authority to govern a group of people, e.g. community, state, country', what is the word?

      community
      powers
      Correct answer: government
      officers
      democracy

      Q3.
      Which kind of government does this statement best describe? 'Holds power over the whole of the UK on many issues'

      local government
      Correct answer: central government
      regional government

      Q4.
      are courses of action or goals that governments plan to carry out or are in the process of carrying out.

      Correct Answer: Policies

      Q5.
      The leaders of local governments are called ...

      MPs (Members of Parliament)
      Correct answer: councillors
      governors
      officers

      Q6.
      From largest to smallest, order these types of government by the size of the area they control.

      1 - central government
      2 - regional government
      3 - local government

      To help you plan your 7 citizenship lesson on: How is local government different to central government?, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...