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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe communicable and non-communicable diseases, including causes and risk factors.

      Key learning points

      1. The good health of humans, other animals and plants can be compromised by diseases.
      2. Communicable diseases are spread by pathogens, including some bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.
      3. Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread between organisms; they are caused by lifestyle and environmental factors.
      4. Lifestyle factors (e.g. hygiene, diet) affect the chances of developing communicable and non-communicable diseases.

      Keywords

      • Communicable disease - A disease, caused by a pathogen, that can be spread from person to person through direct or indirect contact.

      • Non-communicable disease - A disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

      • Disease - A persistent deviation from a person’s normal appearance, body function or behaviour.

      Common misconception

      A person is either healthy or unhealthy.

      Health is a range from good to ill health.

      Teacher tip

      For further discussion you could mention how we were able to slow down the spread of Covid-19 by washing hands, wearing face masks, lock-downs, isolation of patients and eventually vaccinations.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      True or false? Disease is a cause of ill health.

      Correct answer: true
      false

      Q2.
      True or false? Diseases are always caused by pathogens.

      true
      Correct answer: false

      Q3.
      What organ pumps blood around the body?

      Correct Answer: The heart, Heart

      Q4.
      Which of the following can be pathogens?

      Correct answer: fungi
      Correct answer: bacteria
      obesity
      Correct answer: viruses
      smoking

      Q5.
      Which of the following are lifestyle factors that can cause disease?

      exercising regularly
      Correct answer: obesity
      Correct answer: drinking alcohol
      clean water
      Correct answer: smoking regularly

      Q6.
      Which of the following is not a disease?

      cancer
      Correct answer: broken toe
      fungal nail infection
      measles
      depression

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      True or false? Plants can get diseases.

      Correct answer: true
      false

      Q2.
      Which diseases are non-communicable?

      Correct answer: stroke
      Correct answer: asthma
      Correct answer: heart disease
      HIV

      Q3.
      Which diseases are communicable?

      cancer
      Correct answer: tuberculosis (TB)
      asthma
      Correct answer: COVID-19
      Correct answer: HIV

      Q4.
      Match the disease to the pathogen that causes it.

      Correct Answer:tuberculosis (TB),bacteria

      bacteria

      Correct Answer:COVID-19,virus

      virus

      Q5.
      Who best describes disease?

      Sofia: Disease is when you are very ill.
      Sam: A disease is when you have caught a pathogen from someone else.
      Correct answer: Izzy: A disease is when a person’s normal health is persistently impacted.
      Andeep: A disease is when you hurt yourself.

      Q6.
      Which of the following are risk factors for asthma?

      Correct answer: children with a low birth weight
      Correct answer: family history of the disease
      knowing someone with the condition
      being in contact with someone who has the condition
      Correct answer: having allergies

      To help you plan your 10 combined science lesson on: Diseases, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...