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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can calculate new data in a spreadsheet using formulas.

      Key learning points

      1. Formulas in a spreadsheet are used to perform common mathematical operations using data from cells.
      2. Only cells that have a numerical data format can be used as part of a formula.
      3. Spreadsheet formulas can use cell references as a part of a calculation.
      4. Spreadsheet formulas can be duplicated to other cells and change their cell references accordingly.

      Keywords

      • Calculation - working out an answer using numbers and mathematical operations

      • Operation - a mathematical action like adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing numbers

      • Formula - performs calculations in a spreadsheet

      • Replicate - to make a copy or repeat something in the same way

      Common misconception

      Spreadsheet forumlas need to use values that are typed directly into the formula.

      A formula in a spreadsheet should use cell references where possible. Whilst a forumla can use a typed value, cell references saves having to retype values and also benefits from updating the results of the calculation if data changes.

      Teacher tip

      An empty box is a useful metaphor for cell references. The label on the front of the box could be the actual cell reference, while the data value is what is placed inside the box. If the data needs changing, what is inside the box should be changed.

      Equipment

      Pupils will need access to a device with spreadsheet software. Examples in this lesson use Google Sheets https://oak.link/google-sheets

      File needed for this lesson

      Using formulas download 68.12 KB (XLSX)

      Download this file to use in the lesson.

      Licence

      This content is ยฉ Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the term with its definition.

      Correct Answer:data,facts and figures in their raw form

      facts and figures in their raw form

      Correct Answer:row,a line of data that runs from left to right

      a line of data that runs from left to right

      Correct Answer:column,a group of data that runs from top to bottom

      a group of data that runs from top to bottom

      Correct Answer:cell,a rectangular box used to store data

      a rectangular box used to store data

      Q2.
      What is a way to identify a cell?

      Correct Answer: cell reference, reference

      Q3.
      Which of these is a cell reference?

      5 x 5
      BB
      Correct answer: B5
      5B

      Q4.
      How is data organised in a spreadsheet?

      in circles and triangles
      Correct answer: in rows and columns
      in paragraphs
      in sentences

      Q5.
      Why is it important to organise data?

      to make it look pretty
      to keep it secret
      to delete it quickly
      Correct answer: to make it easier to understand

      Q6.
      Why is data formatting used in a spreadsheet?

      It delete data automatically
      It make the data look colourful
      Correct answer: It clarify what the data entered represents
      to randomly shuffle the data

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Match the term with its definition.

      Correct Answer:calculation,working out an answer using numbers

      working out an answer using numbers

      Correct Answer:operation,how a calculation is performed

      how a calculation is performed

      Correct Answer:formula,something that performs calculations in a spreadsheet

      something that performs calculations in a spreadsheet

      Q2.
      Order the steps for creating a formula.

      1 - Type the equals sign (=).
      2 - Enter the first cell reference.
      3 - Add the mathematical operation.
      4 - Enter the second cell reference.
      5 - Press enter.

      Q3.
      Which operator is used for division in a spreadsheet formula?

      x
      รท
      Correct answer: /
      *

      Q4.
      Write the formula you would use to add a value in cell A1 to a value in cell B1.

      Correct Answer: =A1+B1, =B1+A1, =A1 + B1, =B1 + A1, = A1 + B1

      Q5.
      What happens when you replicate a formula in a spreadsheet?

      The original formula is deleted.
      The formula changes to text.
      Correct answer: The formula is copied and the cell references are adjusted.
      All data is removed.

      Q6.
      Order the steps to replicate a formula.

      1 - Select the cell with the formula.
      2 - Find the small black cross in the bottom right corner of the cell.
      3 - Drag the cross to the new location.
      4 - Release the mouse button.
      5 - Check the new cell references.

      To help you plan your 6 computing lesson on: Spreadsheet formulas, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...