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      The second join: ck, ch, if, il, it

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can correctly form the second join.

      Key learning points

      1. The letters all have a lead in and a lead out.
      2. The second join goes from the baseline to above the x-height line towards the ascender line.
      3. The pencil only lifts to add the dot to the i and the cross to the t once the letter string is complete.
      4. When forming the letter f it has two loops; one at the top of the lead in and one at the bottom ready for the lead out.
      5. When joining to the letter t, the join goes up to between the x-height line and the ascender line.

      Keywords

      • Join - connecting together

      • Lead in - the stroke or line that guides us into starting a letter

      • Lead out - the stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter

      • Baseline - the line that most letters sit on

      • Ascender line - the top line of the tramlines

      Common misconception

      Children will often remember one of the loops for the f but forget the other.

      Lots of modelling and emphasising that the letter f needs to 'hold hands' with the letter in front and behind it.

      Teacher tip

      Some schools have the letter t going all the way to the ascender line. Adapt appropriately for your setting.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Cursive letter joins refer to ...

      when you should lift your pencil when forming the letters.
      how big the letters should be.
      Correct answer: how the letters join together.

      Q2.
      True or false? Capital letters join to other letters.

      Correct Answer: false, False

      Q3.
      Select the correct join formation.

      An image in a quiz
      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: An image in a quiz
      An image in a quiz

      Q4.
      Select the correct join formation.

      An image in a quiz
      Correct Answer: An image in a quiz
      An image in a quiz
      An image in a quiz

      Q5.
      The first join goes from the baseline to the ...

      Correct answer: x-height line.
      ascender line.
      descender line.

      Q6.
      Select the options where the first join would be used.

      Correct answer: The letter a joining to the letter m
      Correct answer: The letter t joining to the letter o
      The letter v joining to the letter a

      To help you plan your 3 English lesson on: The second join: ck, ch, if, il, it, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...