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      Exploring characters and setting in the opening scene of 'Macbeth'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use the authentic play script to understand what is taking place in the opening scene of 'Macbeth'.

      Key learning points

      1. Shakespeare wrote 'Macbeth’ as a play script.
      2. The opening scene of ‘Macbeth’ is a powerful introduction that sets the tone and mood for the entire play.
      3. The scene sets a tone of darkness and uncertainty, foreshadowing the tragic events that unfold as the play progresses.
      4. ‘Macbeth’ is written in Early Modern English, which was used from approximately the 15th century to the 17th century.
      5. A play script includes dialogue, stage directions, character descriptions, instructions for props and sound effects.

      Keywords

      • Early Modern English - refers to the stage of English language used from approximately the late 15th century to the late 17th century

      • Play script - the written version of a play

      • Scene - a sequence of continuous action in a play, film, opera or book

      • Stage direction - an instruction in a play script indicating the movement, position or tone of an actor or the sound effects and lighting

      Common misconception

      Play scripts dictate every aspect of a performance down to the smallest detail.

      Actors and directors have creative freedom to interpret the text, bringing their own insights and ideas to the characters and scenes.

      Teacher tip

      Encourage pupils to read Act 1 Scene 1 many times to engage deeply with the text and context. Encourage them to imagine the scene on stage and how the setting might impact the audience's perception.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What category of play is 'Macbeth'?

      Correct answer: tragedy
      comedy
      historical

      Q2.
      In which setting does the majority of the action in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' take place?

      a Welsh castle by the sea
      a bustling modern city
      a haunted forest in Norway
      Correct answer: various locations within Scotland

      Q3.
      Which theme could be argued to be most central to Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'?

      love
      loyalty
      Correct answer: power

      Q4.
      What does the term 'prophecy' refer to in the play 'Macbeth'?

      a magical potion
      Correct answer: a prediction of future events
      a secret code
      a religious ritual

      Q5.
      What is the main cause for Macbeth's growing paranoia?

      the witches' prophecy
      Lady Macbeth's ambitions
      Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's relationship
      Correct answer: the murder of King Duncan

      Q6.
      How does Macbeth meet his end in the play?

      He dies in a battle with Lady Macbeth.
      Correct answer: He is executed by Macduff.
      He dies of old age.
      He accidentally falls off a cliff.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is Early Modern English?

      It is the form of English language used exclusively in Shakespeare's plays.
      It is the modern form of English language we use today.
      Correct answer: It preceded the modern form of English language we use today.

      Q2.
      What is the term used to describe the detailed instructions written in a play script?

      dialogue
      acts
      Correct answer: stage directions
      stage lighting

      Q3.
      What eerie setting sets the tone for Act 1 Scene 1 of 'Macbeth'?

      a stormy night by the seashore
      a dark, deserted castle
      a moonlit clifftop
      Correct answer: a desolate heath

      Q4.
      How do the three witches in Macbeth generally appear to others in the play?

      young maidens
      Correct answer: old hags
      noblewomen
      royalty

      Q5.
      What does ‘malignant’ mean in Act 1 Scene 1 of 'Macbeth'?

      loud and brash
      Correct answer: evil in nature
      pleasant in nature
      playful

      Q6.
      What does ‘hurly-burly’ mean in Act 1 Scene 1 of 'Macbeth'?

      Correct answer: disordered chaos
      peaceful and calm
      organised and quiet

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