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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      You can understand that a complex sentence is formed of at least one main clause and any type of subordinate clause.

      Key learning points

      1. A word that joins a second idea to a main clause in an adverbial complex sentence is called a subordinating conjunction.
      2. A subordinating conjunction is the word that starts an adverbial clause.
      3. A subordinate clause is a group of words that contains a verb and does not make complete sense.
      4. An adverbial clause is a type of subordinate clause.
      5. A main clause joined with any subordinate clause forms a complex sentence.

      Keywords

      • Subordinating conjunction - a word that starts an adverbial clause

      • Subordinate clause - a group of words that contains a verb and does not make complete sense

      • Adverbial clause - a type of subordinate clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction

      • Main clause - a group of words that contains a verb and makes complete sense

      • Complex sentence - a sentence formed of at least one main clause and a subordinate clause

      Common misconception

      Pupils do not recognise that an adverbial clause is one type of subordinate clause.

      "Subordinate clause" is an umbrella term. Any subordinate clause is a group of words that contains a verb and does not make complete sense.

      Teacher tip

      Explain that adverbial clauses are the most frequently used subordinate clauses in English. Remind pupils that there are more subordinate clauses that they will learn in future year groups.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a main clause?

      a sentence starter followed by a comma
      a group of letters
      a word that joins
      Correct answer: a group of words that contains a verb and makes complete sense

      Q2.
      Fill in the gap: a main clause __________ makes sense by itself.

      sometimes
      never
      Correct answer: always

      Q3.
      Fill in the gap: any conjunction is a word that __________.

      Correct answer: joins
      contracts
      expresses surprise

      Q4.
      Fill in the gap: a main clause is a group of words that contains a verb and makes sense.

      Correct Answer: complete, total, full, correct, Complete

      Q5.
      Which two co-ordinating conjunctions need commas before them in a compound sentence?

      and or
      Correct answer: but or
      and but

      Q6.
      Fill in the gap: a sentence formed of at least two main clauses joined with a co-ordinating conjunction is called a __________ sentence.

      complex
      Correct answer: compound
      simple

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a subordinate clause?

      a group of words with no verb
      Correct answer: a group of words that contains a verb and does not make complete sense
      a group of words that contains a verb and makes complete sense
      a group of letters

      Q2.
      Fill in the gap: a subordinating conjunction is a word that __________ an adverbial clause.

      Correct answer: starts
      ends
      breaks

      Q3.
      Fill in the gap: an adverbial clause is a type of __________ clause.

      main
      simple
      Correct answer: subordinate

      Q4.
      What type of sentence is formed of at least one main clause and a subordinate clause?

      simple
      compound
      Correct answer: complex

      Q5.
      What is one feature of a subordinate clause that is the same as a main clause?

      Correct answer: it is a group of words that contains a verb
      it makes complete sense
      it can form a simple sentence by itself

      Q6.
      Which of these pairs of words are subordinating conjunctions?

      and but
      I me
      you they
      Correct answer: when because

      To help you plan your 3 English lesson on: Adverbial complex sentences, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...