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      Context for Gothic literature: science and religion in the 19th century

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explore important contextual ideas that impact Gothic literature, focusing on the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and Charles Darwin’s ‘On the Origin of Species’.

      Key learning points

      1. The Enlightenment period represents a philosophical shift in thought, whereby reason and rationale were celebrated.
      2. There was an emphasis on learning the ‘truth’ about things; people thought this would bring them knowledge and freedom.
      3. The Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain in the 18th century, and then again in the 19th century.
      4. Galvanisation is the process of using electricity to try to create life.
      5. Scientific advancements were contested by religious people, who dismissed them as heresy.

      Keywords

      • Innovation - the process of coming up with new ideas or inventions

      • Industrial Revolution - the period in which industries began replacing manpower and physical labour with machinery/technology

      • The Enlightenment - the period in which people began to value reason and rationale as a means to pursuing truth, knowledge and freedom

      • Rationale - a set of logical reasons for a belief or idea

      • Galvanisation - the process of using electricity to try generate life

      Common misconception

      Students often think that scientific advancements have always been celebrated.

      In reality, scientists faced a lot of backlash for their ideas, mostly because many of them contradicted the teachings of the Bible.

      Teacher tip

      At the end of learning cycle 2, ask students how they feel about advancing technologies in today's society. Perhaps give them some examples of some of the new robots and transports being developed and ask them how they feel about these.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is a date from the 19th century?

      1706
      Correct answer: 1807
      1909
      2010

      Q2.
      What is a century?

      a period of ten years
      Correct answer: a period of one hundred years
      a period of one thousand years
      a period of ten thousand years

      Q3.
      What does the word 'industry' mean?

      a person who owns a company
      Correct answer: the manufacture of goods
      the centre of a community
      a person's place of work

      Q4.
      A revolution is...

      an exact copy of something that already exists
      a place where people go to seek comfort
      Correct answer: a new way of doing things
      the recycling of old materials and processes

      Q5.
      What does 'to advance' mean?

      to become worse at something
      Correct answer: to improve at something
      to move backwards away from something
      that something is extremely difficult

      Q6.
      Which of the following can be considered a 'gothic' description?

      bright, clear and sunny
      ancient, noble and rich
      Correct answer: decaying, abysmal and wretched
      soft, luxurious and expensive
      plain, dull and void

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In which century did the first Industrial Revolution in Britain start to take place?

      16th
      17th
      Correct answer: 18th
      19th
      20th

      Q2.
      Which of the following inventions was not developed in the 19th century?

      the lightbulb
      the telephone
      the train
      Correct answer: the internet
      the car

      Q3.
      The was a shift in thinking, whereby reason and rationale were celebrated. There was an emphasis on learning the ‘truth’ about things.

      Correct Answer: Enlightenment

      Q4.
      What did people in the Enlightenment era think that 'having the truth' would bring them?

      Correct answer: knowledge, happiness and freedom
      wealth, goods and prosperity
      peace, kindness and love
      family, friendship and connections

      Q5.
      What theory did Charles Darwins' book 'On the Origin of Species' present?

      the theory of time
      the theory of gravity
      the theory of galvanisation
      Correct answer: the theory of natural selection
      the theory of Enlightenment

      Q6.
      Why were some people fearful of theories like Darwin's?

      they were not proven properly by scientific evidence
      Darwin was a convicted criminal so people didn't trust him
      Correct answer: they contradicted existing prominent religious beliefs
      some of Darwins' other theories had already been disproved
      People did not like to think of themselves as animals

      To help you plan your 8 English lesson on: Context for Gothic literature: science and religion in the 19th century, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...