Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      Considering the presentation of Ralph in Golding's 'Lord of the Flies'

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how Ralph changes throughout the novel and what he represents.

      Key learning points

      1. As elected leader, Ralph represents an early desire for law, order and civility.
      2. Golding uses colour symbolism to characterise Ralph as possessing the qualities of an effective and charismatic leader.
      3. Ralph's participation in the murder of Simon illustrates human beings' capacity for savagery and brutality.
      4. Ralph's naivety fades away as he begins to recognise the savagery that exists in supposedly-civilised people.
      5. Ralph's faith in democracy is arguably his greatest strength and his greatest weakness.

      Keywords

      • Protagonist - the main character in a text

      • Charismatic - charming and compelling

      • Naïve - showing a lack of effective judgement, often based on a lack of experience or optimism

      • Heinous - extremely wicked and cruel

      • Democracy - a system of government whereby leaders are voted in by election

      Common misconception

      Students have a tendency to view Ralph as a morally-virtuous character who does no wrong.

      Ralph does behave immorally and wickedly in the text - he is mean to Piggy about his asthma and he participates in the murder of Simon. What separates Ralph from the others is the remorse he shows for his actions and how he learns from them.

      Teacher tip

      You could challenge students to think about what Golding is trying to show us about democracy - that it is fragile. They could then link this to the WWII backdrop the novel is set against.

      Equipment

      A copy of the Faber & Faber 1997 edition of 'Lord of the Flies' is essential for this lesson.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      How did Ralph gain power in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      Jack chose him as the leader
      Correct answer: he was elected into power
      he nominated himself as leader

      Q2.
      What colour hair does Ralph have in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      red hair
      black hair
      Correct answer: fair hair
      brown hair

      Q3.
      Which boys side with Ralph throughout 'Lord of the Flies'?

      Jack
      Correct answer: Piggy
      Roger
      Correct answer: Simon
      Correct answer: Sam and Eric

      Q4.
      Which of the following statements about William Golding is true?

      Correct answer: He served in the Royal Navy in WWII.
      He was a university professor before the war.
      He did not serve in the Second World War.
      He was involved in a plane crash as a child.
      He was a political leader himself.

      Q5.
      In the beginning of 'Lord of the Flies', how does Ralph react to the realisation that there are no grown-ups on the island?

      Correct answer: He does a headstand and grins.
      He cries and sobs.
      He initially cries, but then shouts in excitement.
      He can't believe it and goes off in search of adults.

      Q6.
      What are the common traits of a democratic leader?

      rules through fear and intimidation
      Correct answer: listens to others' opinions
      makes decisions without considering others
      Correct answer: utilises voting in decision making
      makes decisions that will benefit them personally

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which words does Golding use to characterise Ralph in the beginning of 'Lord of the Flies'?

      "warm"
      "sunny"
      Correct answer: "golden"
      Correct answer: "fair"
      "light"

      Q2.
      The is the main character in a text.

      Correct Answer: protagonist

      Q3.
      What is Ralph's main priority as leader in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      to become a skilled hunter
      Correct answer: to be rescued
      to explore the island
      to have fun without any adults

      Q4.
      What might Ralph represent in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      savagery
      evil
      Correct answer: morality
      Correct answer: democracy
      vulnerability

      Q5.
      What decision does Ralph make in the first chapter of 'Lord of the Flies' that could be described as naive?

      he makes Jack leader of the group
      he is rude to Piggy about his asthma and glasses
      he destroys the only available food source
      Correct answer: he gives Jack permission to use the choir as he pleases
      he frightens the littluns with stories of the Beast

      Q6.
      In what way does Ralph change in 'Lord of the Flies'?

      his morality dissipates - he becomes just as greedy and wicked as the others
      Correct answer: his naivety fades, as he recognises the savagery within man
      he does not change at all - he treads a moral path throughout
      he becomes more ignorant, as he turns a blind eye to the cruelty around him

      To help you plan your 9 English lesson on: Considering the presentation of Ralph in Golding's 'Lord of the Flies', download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...