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      'Romeo and Juliet': exploring Juliet's agency in Act 4, Scene 3

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain Juliet’s agency in Act 4, Scene 3 of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.

      Key learning points

      1. Potentially, we might see Juliet’s resolve as strengthening as her speech progresses.
      2. However, the increasing desperate language might seem contradictory to this and could undermine her agency.
      3. Speaking in regular iambic pentameter arguably indicates calm emotions since it reflects a steady heartbeat.
      4. Juliet speaks in iambic pentameter when talking about her death which suggests she feels in control
      5. However, her final line is the most far removed from iambic pentameter and could undermine her agency.

      Keywords

      • Agency - the capacity of an individual to act independently from others and to make their own free choices

      • Interrogative - a word or sentence used when asking a question

      • Resolve - to make a decision formally or with determination

      • Iambic pentameter - a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable

      Common misconception

      That the rhythm of a character's speech is unimportant.

      Exploring the rhythm of a character's speech can reveal their emotional state.

      Teacher tip

      It might be useful to have pupils try saying the lines considered in learning cycle two aloud so that they can see the variation in the different rhythms.

      Equipment

      This lesson uses an extract taken from Act 4, Scene 3 of 'Romeo and Juliet'. It's available in the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet', Juliet wants to avoid marrying Paris for which of the following reasons?

      She doesn't find Paris attractive.
      She doesn't want to do what her father tells her to do.
      Correct answer: She's already married to Romeo.

      Q2.
      Asking a lot of questions might indicate which of the following?

      Correct answer: curiosity
      certainty
      Correct answer: uncertainty

      Q3.
      'A strong pattern of sounds, words, or musical notes that is used in music, poetry, and dancing' is the definition of which word beginning with 'r'?

      Correct Answer: rhythm

      Q4.
      Which of the following means a word or sentence used when asking a question?

      imperative
      Correct answer: interrogative
      declarative
      exclamative

      Q5.
      To undermine something means which of the following?

      to make something stronger
      to not have any effect
      Correct answer: to make something weaker

      Q6.
      'The capacity of an individual to act independently from others and to make their own free choices' is the definition of which word beginning with 'a'?

      Correct Answer: agency

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In Act 4, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet', what arguably happens to Juliet's resolve to drink the potion as her speech progresses?

      Correct answer: it gets stronger
      it stays the same
      it gets weaker

      Q2.
      Complete the quotation from Act 4, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet': “Romeo, Romeo, Romeo! Here’s drink. I drink to .”

      Correct Answer: thee

      Q3.
      'A line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable' is the definition of iambic .

      Correct Answer: pentameter

      Q4.
      'To make a decision formally or with determination' is the definition of which word beginning with 'r'?

      Correct Answer: resolve

      Q5.
      The iambic pentameter rhythm mimics a .

      Correct Answer: heartbeat, heart beat

      Q6.
      In Act 4, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet', Juliet uses iambic pentameter to talk about which of the following?

      Correct answer: her own death
      Correct answer: her potential madness
      Romeo's potential death

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: 'Romeo and Juliet': exploring Juliet's agency in Act 4, Scene 3, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...