Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      'Jekyll and Hyde': repression and fragmented identities

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explore how and why Stevenson presents Jekyll as losing control of his fragmented identity.

      Key learning points

      1. The Indutrial Revolution saw an increase in psychological conditions (anxiety, depression and feelings of alienation).
      2. Strict moral codes of behaviour often led Victorians to live double lives, leading to a fragmentation of identities.
      3. Many believed psychological conditions signified weakness or moral failure.
      4. Dr. Jekyll’s battle between good and evil reflects the Victorian ideas of repressed desires and loss of self-control.
      5. After his initial transformation, Jekyll begins to lose control over Hyde and grows weaker while Hyde gains strength.

      Keywords

      • Fragmented - broken into smaller parts, often referring to something once whole or unified

      • Repression - unconscious suppression of desires, thoughts, or emotions, often due to societal or personal pressures

      • Efficacy - the ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness of something

      • Psychoanalysis - a therapeutic method for exploring unconscious thoughts, developed by Freud

      • Alienation - feeling isolated or from others, society, or one's own identity

      Common misconception

      There were lots of treatments available to Victorians to help them recover from psychological conditions.

      While there were lots treatments available, many showed serious misunderstandings about human psychology. They were ineffecive, some were inhumane and many left patients with long-term psychological damage.

      Teacher tip

      Before embarking on the second learning cycle, you may wish pupils to have their own go at building a line graph showing Jekyll's loss of control in Chapter 10 or you may wish to make copies of the graph on the slide deck but leave blank spaces for pupils to add their own quotes from the chapter.

      Equipment

      You will need access to Chapter 7 'Incident at the Window' from 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' by Robert Louis Stevenson. You can find a copy in the additional materials.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', what does Dr. Jekyll hope to achieve through his experiments?

      immortality and freedom from illness
      wealth and a life of luxury
      Correct answer: the separation of good and evil in human nature
      fame in the scientific community

      Q2.
      How does Dr. Jekyll feel after first transforming into Mr. Hyde in 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'?

      terrified
      Correct answer: powerful and free
      confused
      weak

      Q3.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', who discovers the truth about Dr. Jekyll’s transformation while Jekyll is still alive?

      Poole
      Mr. Enfield
      Correct answer: Dr. Lanyon
      Mr. Utterson

      Q4.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', what does Utterson find when he and Poole break into Jekyll’s laboratory?

      Jekyll, unconscious
      Correct answer: Hyde, dead by suicide
      an empty room
      Dr. Lanyon’s body

      Q5.
      What is dramatic irony?

      Correct answer: when the audience or reader knows something the characters do not
      when characters say the opposite of what they mean
      when a story ends in an unexpected way
      when two characters argue dramatically

      Q6.
      What is foreshadowing?

      the climax of a story
      a character recalling past events
      an unexpected plot twist
      Correct answer: a hint or clue about what will happen later in the story

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What of these were major causes of psychological conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

      increased access to education
      Correct answer: overcrowded living conditions and poor working environments
      greater social equality
      Correct answer: strict moral codes of behaviour leading to repressed desires

      Q2.
      How were patients with psychological conditions from the lower classes typically treated during the Victorian era?

      with therapy and counselling
      discreetly, with compassionate care
      Correct answer: subjected to harsh treatments
      told to stay at home and not work

      Q3.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', what emotion does Dr. Jekyll display in Chapter 7: 'Incident at the Window' when he withdraws suddenly?

      anger
      Correct answer: abject terror
      confusion
      happiness

      Q4.
      Which of the following best describes repression?

      conscious suppression of unpleasant memories
      forgetting important details due to trauma
      Correct answer: unconscious suppression of desires and emotions
      awareness of emotional conflict

      Q5.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', what realisation does Jekyll have about his ability to control the transformations into Hyde?

      he remains confident in his control
      Correct answer: he realises he is slowly losing control
      he believes Hyde is harmless
      he stops transforming altogether

      Q6.
      In 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', what is the significance of Jekyll’s first involuntary transformation into Hyde without the potion?

      Correct answer: it marks the point where he can no longer control Hyde
      it proves the potion is no longer needed
      it shows that Hyde is weakening
      it shows that Jekyll's scientific work is flawed

      To help you plan your 11 English lesson on: 'Jekyll and Hyde': repression and fragmented identities, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...