Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

Developing a summary of a non-fiction text by including inferences

Lesson details

Learning outcome

I can identify examples of inference in a summary about a non-fiction text, and use this understanding to create my own developed summary.

Key learning points

  1. A summary captures the main ideas of a text in a short and clear format.
  2. When writing a summary of a text, it can be helpful to include short quotations.
  3. You can develop your summary by including inferences.
  4. Inferences explore a text’s suggested ideas.
  5. Inferences should not include analysis of language or structure.

Keywords

  • Primitive - simple, basic

  • Suggest - to hint, or imply

  • Infer - in relation to a text, to come to understand a text’s suggested ideas

  • Sparse - in short supply, limited

  • Manual labour - physical work done by humans

Common misconception

Inference and analysis are the same thing.

Inference is about reading between the lines. Analysis focuses on unpicking writer's methods and explores their effects.

Teacher tip

Consider how long your pupils will need to write their own summary (LC2) and work out the rest of the timings for the lesson from there.

Equipment

You need access to a copy of Henry Mayhew's 'The Criminal Prisons of London' (1862) and Erwin James's 'The Norwegian Prison' (2013). A copy/link to each text an be found in the additional materials.

Content guidance

Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Depiction or discussion of serious crime

Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Depiction or discussion of sexual violence

Depiction or discussion of mental health issues

Supervision

Adult supervision required

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
(Collection 2).

Lesson video

Loading...

Prior knowledge starter quiz

6 Questions

Q1.
Match each word to its definition (Non-fiction: crime and punishment).

Correct Answer:primitive ,simple, basic

simple, basic

Correct Answer:punitive,something intended as a punishment

something intended as a punishment

Correct Answer:sparse,in short supply, limited

in short supply, limited

Correct Answer:manual labour ,physical work done by humans

physical work done by humans

Q2.
Bastoy prison island is in (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

Correct Answer: Norway

Q3.
What is picking oakum? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

a slang term for going to prison
a crime you could be sent to prison for
Correct answer: to separate threads of rope
Correct answer: a punitive punishment for prisoners

Q4.
What is true of Henry Mayhew (1812-1887)? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

He was Norwegian.
He was a prisoner in Newgate Prison.
Correct answer: He lived during the Victorian era.
Correct answer: He wrote about London's Newgate Prison.
He believed more people should be sent to prison.

Q5.
What is true of Erwin James (1957-2024)? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

He was Norwegian.
Correct answer: He was imprisoned in a British jail.
He spent time as a prisoner on Bastoy prison island.
He was a Victorian.

Q6.
How is Bastoy prison island described by one of the prisoners in Erwin James’s article about the Norwegian prison written for the Guardian in 2013? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

luxurious
Correct answer: a village
cushy
daunting
Correct answer: a community

6 Questions

Q1.
Match each word to its definition (Non-fiction: crime and punishment).

Correct Answer:inferring,considering a text’s suggested ideas

considering a text’s suggested ideas

Correct Answer:analysing,exploring writer’s methods

exploring writer’s methods

Correct Answer:summarising,detailing the main points of something

detailing the main points of something

Q2.
Which of these is an example of manual labour? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

reading
Correct answer: picking oakum
Correct answer: mending a bike
writing
walking

Q3.
Henry Mayhew wrote a book called ‘The Prisons of London: And Scenes of Prison Life’ published in 1862. (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

Correct Answer: Criminal

Q4.
Erwin James wrote an article called ‘The Norwegian prison where inmates are treated like ’ for the Guardian newspaper in 2013 (Non-fiction: crime and punishment).

Correct Answer: people

Q5.
Which of these sentences use the word sparse correctly? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

Huge sparse crowds of people welcomed the football team home.
Correct answer: The garden was huge but the grass was sparse and uneven.
Correct answer: The population is quite sparse because lots of people leave the country.
My portion of chips was incredibly sparse so I was really full after lunch.

Q6.
Which of these sentences use the word primitive correctly? (Non-fiction: crime and punishment)

Correct answer: The playground’s equipment was primitive so no-one went there.
Correct answer: Even though the machine was primitive, it made the model cars effectively.
Correct answer: The accommodation was primitive rather than luxurious.
Each pizza was a different, primitive size.

To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Developing a summary of a non-fiction text by including inferences, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...