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      Exploring structure in Murakami's ‘After Dark’

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can identify and comment on the effect of interesting structural features in ‘After Dark’.

      Key learning points

      1. Structure refers to the way a text has been organised.
      2. Different structural features can have different effects on the reader.
      3. Interesting structural features in 'After Dark' are the perspective choice, repetition and the creation of suspense.
      4. After identifying a structural feature in a text, it is important to discuss its effect.

      Keywords

      • Structure - the way a text has been organised

      • Omniscient - all-knowing

      • Conceptualise - form a concept or idea of (something)

      Common misconception

      Students may confuse language and structural features.

      Getting into a habit of asking a range of questions interrogating perspective, repetition, beginnings and endings can help students ease into the analysis of structure.

      Teacher tip

      Model how you would go about reading 'After Dark' and answering the questions on the text in Learning Cycle 1.

      Equipment

      You will need access to a copy of the opening paragraph of Chapter 1 of 'After Dark' by Haruki Murakami for this lesson.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the below is not a structural feature?

      Correct answer: metaphor
      repetition
      shift in focus

      Q2.
      Which of these refers to a structure in which the end of a text links to the beginning?

      fragmented
      in medias res
      Correct answer: circular

      Q3.
      What is narrative perspective?

      Correct answer: the point of a view that a text is written from
      the overall mood of a text
      the number of characters in a text

      Q4.
      Match the words up to the perspective they offer.

      Correct Answer:I, me, my,First

      First

      Correct Answer:She, him, they,Third

      Third

      Correct Answer:You, your,Second

      Second

      Q5.
      What perspective is the opening of Murakami's 'After Dark' written from?

      first
      second
      Correct answer: third

      Q6.
      What is tension?

      the way in which a text gets progressively funny
      Correct answer: a feeling of nervousness or stress created in the reader
      a melancholy tone that persists throughout an extract

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which narrative perspective allows us to emotionally connect the most with a specific character?

      Correct answer: first person
      second person
      third person

      Q2.
      Which technique would make an image persist in a reader's mind?

      use of dialogue
      Correct answer: repetition
      foreshadowing

      Q3.
      What is one possible effect of the third person perspective in the opening of 'After Dark'?

      it helps us connect to the main character
      Correct answer: it helps us visualise the dynamism of the whole city
      it helps us to understand one particular part of the city

      Q4.
      Which structural technique does Murakami use to emphasise the image of the city's dynamism in our heads?

      flashback
      Correct answer: repetition
      juxtaposition

      Q5.
      How does the opening paragraph of 'After Dark' end?

      with a sense that the characters will fall in love
      Correct answer: with a sense that something bad will happen
      with a sense of safety

      Q6.
      What is the effect of ending the opening paragraph of 'After Dark' in the way that Murakami does?

      Correct answer: It creates a sense of suspense as we await sinister happenings in the night.
      It creates a sense of nostalgia for the characters' childhood.
      It allows us to imagine we are the arteries of the city.

      To help you plan your 10 English lesson on: Exploring structure in Murakami's ‘After Dark’, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...