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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe the way that the global climate has changed over time and the extent of the British-Irish ice sheet.

      Key learning points

      1. Earth has experienced periods of global warming and global cooling throughout its history.
      2. The last ice age ended around 19 000 years ago.
      3. The north of the UK and part of Ireland were covered in the British-Irish ice sheet.

      Keywords

      • Climate - an average of weather conditions (e.g. rain, sun, wind) in a place taken over a long period of time (usually 30 years or more)

      • Ice sheet - a large mass of ice covering an area of over 50 000 square kilometres

      • Ice age - a period of time during which thick ice sheets covered vast areas of land

      Common misconception

      There has only been one ice age.

      There have been numerous periods of warming and cooling throughout Earth's history. This has meant there have been a number of ice ages throughout history.

      Teacher tip

      Put students in a line to represent a timeline of historic global warming and cooling.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of these places is known for being very cold all year?

      Africa
      Correct answer: Antarctica
      Australia
      India

      Q2.
      Where does rain come from?

      Trees
      The ocean floor
      Correct answer: Clouds
      Deep underground

      Q3.
      What happens to snow when the temperature gets warmer?

      Correct answer: It melts into water
      It turns into sand
      It freezes into ice
      It stays the same

      Q4.
      What do we call the water that falls from the sky as rain, snow, or hail?

      Evaporation
      Collection
      Condensation
      Correct answer: Precipitation

      Q5.
      Which of these increases the amount of sunlight that is reflected?

      Correct answer: Ice and snow
      Sand
      Rocks
      Grass

      Q6.
      What happens when water vapour cools down in the sky?

      It turns into steam
      Correct answer: It forms clouds
      It melts into water
      It evaporates into air

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following is a cause of global warming?

      Correct answer: Increased solar radiation
      A decrease in the amount of sunlight
      More volcanic eruptions
      Cooler ocean currents

      Q2.
      Which historical period is known for being warmer with longer growing seasons in Europe?

      Correct answer: Medieval Warm Period
      Little Ice Age
      Last Ice Age
      Current Warming Period

      Q3.
      When did the last Ice Age end?

      1700 years ago
      Correct answer: 11 700 years ago
      19 000 years ago
      400 000 years ago

      Q4.
      What did the British-Irish Ice Sheet cover?

      Only the southern part of the UK
      Correct answer: The north of the UK and part of Ireland
      The whole of the UK and France
      Just the Scottish Highlands

      To help you plan your 9 geography lesson on: Ice change over time, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...