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      Impacts of industry on the physical environment

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe how industry can both negatively and positively affect the physical environment.

      Key learning points

      1. Industrial development can have negative impacts on the environment.
      2. Newer industries can be more sustainable.
      3. The Nissan plant in Sunderland illustrates how modern industrial development can be environmentally sustainable.

      Keywords

      • Contamination - the pollution of air, water or land with something that is unnatural and harmful

      • Sustainable - being able to meet one's needs without compromising the ability to meet future needs

      • Energy efficient - being able to produce the same level of output but through the use of less energy

      Common misconception

      Only manufacturing industries harm the environment.

      All sectors of industry have the potential to harm the environment, though manufacturing continues to be highly wasteful.

      Teacher tip

      Hold a debate amongst students as to whether the manufacturing of electric cars is environmentally sustainable.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What does sustainable mean?

      Correct answer: being able to meet needs without compromising the ability to meet future needs
      using resources until they run out
      being able to produce the same amount of energy without wastage

      Q2.
      Match the types of industry with their examples.

      Correct Answer:Primary sector,farming

      farming

      Correct Answer:Secondary sector,textile production

      textile production

      Correct Answer:Tertiary sector,doctors

      doctors

      Correct Answer:Quaternary sector,research and development

      research and development

      Q3.
      is where the natural environment is damaged or destroyed by a harmful substance.

      Correct Answer: Pollution

      Q4.
      Which of the following is a key cause of economic change in the UK during the Industrial Revolution?

      the rise of digital technology
      Correct answer: the shift from agriculture to manufacturing industries
      the expansion of the service sector
      the decline in global trade

      Q5.
      What is globalisation?

      Correct answer: the growth and spread of ideas around the world
      when resources are used without being replaced
      being able to produce energy

      Q6.
      What is the term used to describe the decline of manufacturing industries and growth of the service sector in the UK?

      urbanisation
      Correct answer: de-industrialisation
      globalisation
      industrialisation

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is contamination?

      Correct answer: the pollution of air, water or land with something that is unnatural and harmful
      being able to meet needs without compromising the ability to meet future needs
      not paying people enough for the work that they are doing

      Q2.
      All have the potential to cause harm to physical landscapes and the biodiversity that lives there.

      Correct Answer: industries

      Q3.
      How can industries be more sustainable?

      Correct answer: audit the way they work
      Correct answer: look at resource use such as energy and water consumption
      burn more fossil fules
      Correct answer: set a target for improvement
      continue working with no change

      Q4.
      Nissan Sunderland plant generates renewable energy, recycles rainwater and has energy buildings to make electric cars.

      Correct Answer: efficient

      To help you plan your 11 geography lesson on: Impacts of industry on the physical environment, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...