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      Impacts of volcanoes in a developed and an emerging country

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can use located examples to assess the impacts of volcanic eruptions in a developed and an emerging country.

      Key learning points

      1. Primary impacts are immediate and caused directly by the tectonic hazard.
      2. Secondary impacts are indirect impacts and occur in the hours, days and weeks after the hazard.
      3. There is a range of reasons why primary and secondary impacts may differ between two volcanic eruptions.
      4. Different indicators can be considered to assess the significance of primary impacts and secondary impacts.

      Keywords

      • Primary impact - the immediate impacts of a tectonic hazard which are directly caused by it

      • Secondary impact - indirect effects that occur as a consequence of a tectonic hazard’s primary impacts

      Common misconception

      Impacts of volcanic eruptions are always more severe in developing and emerging countries than in developed countries.

      A lot depends on the eruption type and factors such as population density. Economic impacts are often highest in developed countries because of the higher value of the property impacted by the eruption.

      Teacher tip

      The ArcGIS Geography Visualiser is a fantastic tool for exploring volcanoes and the areas around them, while ArcGIS Online features layers that identify key aspects of eruptions, for example hazard risk zoning and evacuation routes.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a tectonic hazard?

      A weather event like a storm
      Correct answer: A hazard caused by movement of Earth's plates
      A flood caused by heavy rain
      A volcanic eruption in space

      Q2.
      What is Earth's outer layer called?

      Mantle
      Core
      Correct answer: Crust
      Lava

      Q3.
      What type of plate margin causes earthquakes when plates slide past each other?

      Destructive
      Constructive
      Correct answer: Conservative
      Colliding

      Q4.
      What happens at a destructive plate margin?

      Plates move apart
      Plates slide past each other
      Correct answer: Plates collide and one is forced down
      Plates remain still

      Q5.
      Which hazard is most likely at a constructive plate boundary?

      Tsunami
      Earthquake
      Avalanche
      Correct answer: Volcanic eruption

      Q6.
      What causes a volcano to erupt?

      Correct answer: Pressure from rising magma
      Sudden rainfall
      Plate movement upwards
      Water pressure in the mantle

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      What is a primary impact of a volcanic eruption?

      Loss of income due to tourism decline
      Correct answer: Lava flow destroying homes
      Disease outbreaks
      Food price inflation

      Q2.
      What is a secondary impact of a volcanic eruption?

      Lava burning a forest
      Death from a pyroclastic flow
      Correct answer: Collapse of tourism industry
      Buildings buried in ash

      Q3.
      Which of these is a typical primary impact?

      Long-term displacement
      Correct answer: Destruction of transport links
      Decrease in investment
      Mental health problems

      Q4.
      Which of the following statements is true?

      Volcanic impacts are always worse in LICs and NEEs
      HICs don’t suffer from volcanic hazards
      Only NEEs have volcanoes
      Correct answer: Both HICs and NEEs can suffer severe impacts

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Impacts of volcanoes in a developed and an emerging country, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...