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      Deforestation in Indonesia’s tropical rainforest

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can describe the location, causes and impacts of deforestation in Indonesia.

      Key learning points

      1. The majority of Indonesia’s rainforests are located in Borneo, Papua and Sumatra.
      2. Causes of deforestation in Indonesia include subsistence and commercial farming, logging, energy and population growth.
      3. Impacts of deforestation in Indonesia include erosion, pollution, habitat loss, carbon emissions, economic development.

      Keywords

      • Biodiversity - a measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem

      • Deforestation - large-scale removal or clearing of forests

      • Subsistence farmers - farmers that grow only enough food for themselves

      Common misconception

      Indonesia is a large island with a small population.

      Indonesia is not one island: it is an archipelago, a group of over 17 000 islands. Nor does it have a small population: it’s population is over 270 million people.

      Teacher tip

      The GIS lesson in this unit, 'Using GIS to visualise and analyse deforestation', gives pupils the opportunity to use GIS tools to engage with causes and impacts of deforestation.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What is the main characteristic of a tropical rainforest?

      Cold temperatures year-round
      Correct answer: High biodiversity and rainfall
      Sparse vegetation
      Located near the poles

      Q2.
      Where are tropical rainforests typically located?

      Near the poles
      Correct answer: Between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
      In deserts
      In mountainous regions

      Q3.
      What is one of the main causes of deforestation in tropical rainforests?

      Overpopulation
      Correct answer: Logging for timber
      Natural wildfires
      Volcanoes

      Q4.
      What is the main reason tropical rainforests have such high biodiversity?

      Correct answer: They have a high level of rainfall and sunlight
      They are located in remote areas
      They experience seasonal changes

      Q5.
      What is the "canopy" in a tropical rainforest?

      The ground layer of the forest
      Correct answer: The top layer where trees are highest and most sunlight is absorbed
      The water layer in rivers and lakes
      The underground root system

      Q6.
      How does the tropical rainforest biome contribute to regulating the global climate?

      Correct answer: It absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide
      It reduces ocean currents
      It causes global warming
      It creates large-scale hurricanes

      4 Questions

      Q1.
      Which of the following best describes Indonesia?

      A large island with a small population
      Correct answer: An archipelago with a large population
      An archipelago with a small population
      A small island with a large population

      Q2.
      What is one of the main causes of deforestation in Indonesia?

      Overfishing
      Tourism
      Correct answer: Logging and oil palm plantations

      Q3.
      What is an environmental impact of deforestation in Indonesia?

      Correct answer: More frequent floods
      Increased wildlife populations
      Reduced air pollution
      Increased soil fertility

      Q4.
      What is subsistence farming?

      Farming for commercial profit
      Correct answer: Farming to feed the farmer's family and local community
      Farming using advanced machinery
      Farming on large plantations

      To help you plan your 10 geography lesson on: Deforestation in Indonesia’s tropical rainforest, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...