New
New
Year 7

The causes of the First Crusade

I can explain the various causes of the First Crusade and the reasons why people chose to go on crusade.

New
New
Year 7

The causes of the First Crusade

I can explain the various causes of the First Crusade and the reasons why people chose to go on crusade.

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Lesson details

Key learning points

  1. The invasion of Byzantium was one reason for the First Crusade.
  2. The actions of Urban II were one cause of the First Crusade.
  3. The desire to fight for their God and the Church motivated some crusaders.
  4. The desire to go on a holy journey motivated some crusaders.
  5. Historians disagree about the relative importance of the reasons why the First Crusade occurred as and when it did.

Keywords

  • Pope - the pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church

  • Crusade - a crusade is a military expedition against a group considered by the papacy to be an enemy of the Church

  • Pilgrimage - a pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place

Common misconception

The only reason why crusaders went on the First Crusade was to capture Jerusalem for Christianity.

People went on crusade for a wide variety of reasons; for some people, capturing Jerusalem from the Muslims was important, but it was almost certainly not the reason why the First Crusade was called in the first place.

Set up an argument tunnel by assigning students different reasons for the First Crusade that they need to argue on behalf of. Place students in two lines facing each other, then let them debate the person opposite. After two minutes move the students in one line down so that they debate someone new.
Teacher tip

Content guidance

  • Depiction or discussion of sensitive content
  • Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended

Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2024), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

Lesson video

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6 Questions

Q1.
Those who chose to take part in the First Crusade were promised forgiveness for their .
Correct Answer: sins, sin, Sin, Sins
Q2.
Many crusaders thought that they would recapture the city of __________.
Correct answer: Jerusalem
Byzantium
Rome
Clermont
Q3.
The first of the two crusading groups to reach Anatolia was called the ' Crusade'.
Correct Answer: People's, Peoples, peoples, people's
Q4.
At which battle did the Seljuks fail to defeat the crusading army on 1 July 1097?
Nicaea
Civetot
Jerusalem
Correct answer: Dorylaeum
Q5.
Starting with the earliest, place these cities in the chronological order in which they were captured by the crusaders.
1 - Nicaea
2 - Edessa
3 - Antioch
4 - Jerusalem
5 - Tripoli
Q6.
During the siege of Jerusalem, the crusaders made use of two siege .
Correct Answer: towers, engines

6 Questions

Q1.
One likely reason Urban II called the First Crusade was to establish his position as .
Correct Answer: pope, Pope
Q2.
Warring nobles from __________ were a problem for Urban II at this time?
Correct answer: France
Germany
Byzantium
Antioch
Q3.
The spread of __________ into Europe was of concern to Urban II.
Judaism
Correct answer: Islam
Christianity
Q4.
The Emperor Alexios I Komnenos asked for Pope Urban II’s help in fighting back the Seljuk Turks.
Correct Answer: Byzantine, byzantine
Q5.
Which of these were reasons why people answered the call to go on crusade?
Correct answer: Their sins would be removed.
Correct answer: Their desire to go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Correct answer: To try and gain land and riches.
They wanted to convert to Islam.
Q6.
A lack of sources from people of this time means historians can only make inferences about crusaders' motivations.
Correct Answer: ordinary, normal

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