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      Jewish resistance to the Holocaust

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain different types of Jewish resistance and the obstacles resistance faced during the Holocaust.

      Key learning points

      1. Violent and nonviolent methods were used by Jews to resist the Holocaust.
      2. Jews from a wide range of backgrounds were engaged in resistance.
      3. Violent resistance included uprisings and partisan actions.
      4. Nonviolent resistance included acts like smuggling.
      5. Many obstacles discouraged or limited the effectiveness of Jewish resistance.

      Keywords

      • Partisan - a member of a group that secretly fights against soldiers who are controlling their country

      • Spontaneous - happening naturally and suddenly and without being planned

      • Kashariyot - young Jewish women involved in smuggling and carrying messages between Jewish communities

      • Smuggling - to take something into or out of a place in an illegal or secret way

      Common misconception

      Resistance always involves the use of violence.

      Jews adopted many nonviolent forms of resistance. Actions like smuggling resisted Nazi attempts to starve Jews and continuing education secretly resisted Nazi attempts to destroy Jewish culture.

      Teacher tip

      Task B could be extended with the use of another picture source for students to analyse. The image shown on slide 24 relating to the kashariyot represents an appropriate increase in challenge that could be used for this purpose.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word best describe someone who was aware of Jewish persecution but did nothing to help?

      Correct Answer: bystander, bystanders

      Q2.
      In which of the following countries were Jews murdered as part of the Holocaust?

      Britain
      Correct answer: Denmark
      Correct answer: Germany
      Correct answer: Hungary
      Correct answer: USSR

      Q3.
      Who conducted the Vel' d'Hiv Raid?

      Correct answer: French police
      Jewish fighters
      German soldiers

      Q4.
      Who was Rudolf Höss?

      Correct answer: Commandant of Auschwitz
      French policeman
      German businessman

      Q5.
      Where did the majority of Holocaust victims come from?

      Correct answer: Eastern and Central Europe
      Southern and Northern Europe
      Western and Central Europe

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - Nazis rose to power.
      2 - Nazi Germany invaded Poland.
      3 - First ghettos were established.
      4 - France was defeated and partially occupied.
      5 - Nazi Germany invaded the USSR.
      6 - 'Final Solution' developed.
      7 - Vel' d'Hiv raid happened in France.

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Write the missing word. involves taking something into or out of a place in an illegal or secret way.

      Correct Answer: smuggling

      Q2.
      What type of areas did partisans usually operate in?

      open fields
      Correct answer: forests
      cities
      Correct answer: mountains

      Q3.
      How many escapees from Sobibor extermination camp in 1943 were murdered afterwards by Poles?

      Correct Answer: 22, twenty two

      Q4.
      Uprisings in Jewish ghettos are an example of what type of response to the Holocaust?

      collaboration
      nonviolent resistance
      perpetration
      Correct answer: violent resistance

      Q5.
      Smuggling in Jewish ghettos are an example of what type of response to the Holocaust?

      collaboration
      Correct answer: nonviolent resistance
      perpetration
      violent resistance

      Q6.
      How did concerns about family affect resistance to the Holocaust in Gad Beck's experience?

      encouraged him to participate in an uprising
      Correct answer: discouraged his boyfriend from attempting to escape with Gad
      led Gad to avoid challenging the persecution he faced

      To help you plan your 9 history lesson on: Jewish resistance to the Holocaust, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...