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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can assess different experiences of and responses to the Holocaust.

      Key learning points

      1. Six million Jews from many different backgrounds were murdered during the Holocaust.
      2. Many people acted as perpetrators during the Holocaust.
      3. Many more people knew about the Holocaust but did not intervene.
      4. There were Holocaust perpetrators and collaborators across Europe.

      Keywords

      • Collaborator - a person or group who works together with others for a particular purpose

      • Perpetrator - someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act

      • Bystander - in the context of the Holocaust, a person who did not intervene to help Jews or resist their persecution

      Common misconception

      Only German Nazis were involved in the Holocaust.

      Examples such as the Vel' d'Hiv Raid in France, carried out in 1942, show that other Europeans collaborated and helped to perpetrate the Holocaust.

      Teacher tip

      Tell students that it was not until 1995 that the French government accepted responsibility and apologised for the Vel' d'Hiv Raid. Ask whether they find this surprising and why they think it took the French so long to do so.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of serious crime

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision required

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      What name did the Nazis give to their plans to murder all European Jews?

      Correct Answer: 'Final Solution', the 'Final Solution', the Final Solution, Final Solution

      Q2.
      Write the missing word. Gas chambers were constructed in camps like Belzec.

      Correct Answer: extermination

      Q3.
      What happened to the number of Jewish people living under Nazi rule during the first two years of World War Two (WW2)?

      Correct answer: increased
      remained the same
      decreased

      Q4.
      How many factories did the Nazis set up in Lodz ghetto?

      Correct Answer: 96, ninety six

      Q5.
      Roughly how many Holocaust victims were murdered outside of gas chambers?

      25%
      Correct answer: 50%
      75%

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - Nazis gained power in Germany
      2 - Nuremberg Laws introduced
      3 - Outbreak of WW2
      4 - First ghettos set up
      5 - First extermination camps established

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word best describes a guard involved in shooting or gassing Jews at extermination camps during the Holocaust?

      bystander
      collaborator
      Correct answer: perpetrator

      Q2.
      The Holocaust murdered Jews of what age?

      working age Jews
      Jewish children
      elderly Jews
      Correct answer: Jews of all ages

      Q3.
      Which country did the Vel' d'Hiv Raid take place in?

      Belgium
      Correct answer: France
      Germany
      Poland

      Q4.
      Which statement about Rudolf Höss is most accurate?

      He carried out his job only because he feared being punished.
      Many people described him as mentally unwell.
      Correct answer: He accepted the Nazi belief that there was an international Jewish conspiracy.

      Q5.
      Identify the most appropriate example of a Schreibtischtäter.

      Rudolf Höss
      Auschwitz guards
      Correct answer: IG Farben bosses
      Théophile Larue

      Q6.
      Starting with the earliest, sort the following events into chronological order.

      1 - Nazis rose to power in Germany.
      2 - Jewish emigration from Germany to France increased.
      3 - Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany.
      4 - France was -defeated and partially occupied by Germany.
      5 - Vel' d'Hiv Raid

      To help you plan your 9 history lesson on: Victims and perpetrators, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...