Choose exam board for KS4 Computer Science (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 English
Choose exam board for KS4 French
Choose exam board for KS4 Geography
Choose exam board for KS4 German
Choose exam board for KS4 History
Choose tier for KS4 Maths
Choose exam board for KS4 Music
Choose exam board for KS4 Physical education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Religious education (GCSE)
Choose exam board for KS4 Spanish

      The design of Durham Cathedral

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can explain how and why Durham Cathedral was constructed as it was.

      Key learning points

      1. Durham Cathedral was built in a meander of the River Wear, on high ground, which provided natural protection.
      2. Durham Cathedral housed St Cuthbert's shrine.
      3. Durham Cathedral was built in the powerful Romanesque style.
      4. Durham Cathedral contains architectural innovations such as rib vaulting.
      5. Durham Cathedral was designed to separate the monks from the lay people.

      Keywords

      • Shrine - a place for worship that is holy because of a connection with a holy person or object

      • Nave - the long central part of a church, often with aisles on both sides

      • Vaulting - arches that support a ceiling or room

      Common misconception

      Cathedrals are like museums and ordinary people can access all areas.

      In fact, in medieval times ordinary people could not cross the screen which partitions the nave from the quire.

      Teacher tip

      Rib vaulting experiment: Use blocks to build small models of rib vaults. Discuss how this innovation allowed for higher ceilings and more open spaces within the cathedral.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

      Loading...

      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Complete the sentence: As , William St Calais could impose taxes to fund the raising of an army to help him control the rebellious north and secure the Scottish border.

      Correct Answer: prince-bishop

      Q2.
      Complete the sentence: William I dealt with the rebellious north by enacting the...

      Correct Answer: Harrying of the North

      Q3.
      Who was imprisoned for their involvement in rebellion and replaced by William Walcher?

      King Malcolm of Scotland
      Robert Cumin
      Correct answer: Aethelwine, the Bishop of Durham
      Earl Waltheof of Northumbria

      Q4.
      What did William I build next to the cathedral to provide protection for the Bishop of Durham?

      Correct answer: castle
      shrine
      monastery
      nunnery

      Q5.
      Put the following events in chronological order.

      1 - William appointed a new Bishop of Durham, a Frenchman, William Walcher
      2 - William ordered the construction of Durham Castle
      3 - a dispute with Northumbrian nobles led to the murder of Bishop Walcher
      4 - during a rebellion the nobles attempted and failed to capture Durham Castle
      5 - William sent Bishop Odo of Bayeaux with an army
      6 - Odo harried Northumbria and looted the cathedral
      7 - a ‘new castle’ was built near the site of Bishop Walcher’s murder

      Q6.
      Who ordered the building of Durham Cathedral in 1093?

      William I
      Correct answer: William of Saint Calais
      William II

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes a place for worship that is holy because of a connection with a holy person or object?

      Correct Answer: shrine

      Q2.
      Complete the sentence: Durham Cathedral was built in a meander of the , on high ground, which provided natural protection.

      Correct Answer: River Wear

      Q3.
      Why was the style of Durham Cathedral known as Romanesque?

      it was built by the Romans originally
      Correct answer: its features recalled the power of the Roman Empire
      it was built on the site of where the Romans first landed in Britain
      its paintings were only of ancient Roman myths

      Q4.
      Put the features of arcades in order from top to bottom.

      1 - the clerestory
      2 - the triforium
      3 - a row of arches

      Q5.
      What was the purpose of Durham Cathedral's stone-ribbed vaulting?

      enabled a lower ceiling and to be held up over a narrow space
      Correct answer: enabled a higher ceiling and to be held up over a wide space
      Correct answer: allowed the cathedral's height to appear to be reaching towards Heaven
      allowed the cathedral's height to appear to be reaching towards Hell

      Q6.
      What did strictly following the Benedictine order mean for the monks at Durham Cathedral?

      as complete a joining as possible between religious life and secular life
      Correct answer: as complete a separation as possible between religious life and secular life

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The design of Durham Cathedral, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...