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      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can recall Britain’s role in the scramble for Africa.

      Key learning points

      1. Economic interests and imperial expansion drove European interest in African colonies in the 19th century.
      2. In 1875 Britain bought shares in the Suez Canal and effectively controlled Egypt until the 1950s.
      3. The 1884-5 Berlin Conference partitioned Africa and led to British dominance.
      4. European colonisation had far-reaching and enduring consequences that have shaped Africa's history.

      Keywords

      • Partition - to divide into parts

      • Arbitrary - something that is decided or done without any clear reason, logic, or fairness

      • Effective occupation - the principle that European countries could control parts of Africa if they could establish that they already exerted influence there

      Common misconception

      Britain and competing European powers met at the Berlin Conference before the scramble for Africa had begun.

      Britain and competing European powers had already been 'scrambling' for Africa for the majority of the 19th century. The Berlin Conference was an attempt to put an end to the fighting between European powers over Africa's land and resources.

      Teacher tip

      Make sure students are aware that Africa was colonised by various means. It was not just done through military conquest, but also through examples of economic and political action such as that seen in Britain's purchasing of shares in the Suez Canal.

      Content guidance

      Depiction or discussion of discriminatory behaviour

      Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

      Depiction or discussion of violence or suffering

      Supervision

      Adult supervision recommended

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2025), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes building projects that help enable travel and communication within a country?

      Correct Answer: infrastructure

      Q2.
      Which word describes waterways enabling crop growth in areas where beforehand it was not possible?

      Correct Answer: irrigation

      Q3.
      Who helped Queen Victoria rule in India after 1876?

      the East India Company
      Correct answer: anglicised Indian elite
      traditional Indian elite
      Correct answer: viceroy

      Q4.
      Complete the sentence: Historians' of the impact of British rule on India differ from one to another.

      Correct Answer: interpretations, interpretation, views, beliefs, arguments

      Q5.
      Which of the following pieces of evidence could a historian use to argue that the British Empire had a positive impact on India?

      Correct answer: laid the foundation for industrialisation and fostered economic growth
      exploitation of the Indian population and its resources
      suppressed and replaced Indian traditions with British customs and education
      Correct answer: introduction of a legal system based on British principles

      Q6.
      Which of the following examples show that British society was enriched culturally by India?

      British entrepreneurs, merchants, and traders made significant wealth from India
      Correct answer: Indian food became popular with the upper classes in Britain
      Correct answer: Indian tea became incredibly popular in Britain
      The profits made from Indian goods helped to fund the Industrial Revolution

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      Which word describes something that is decided or done without any clear reason, logic, or fairness?

      Correct Answer: arbitrary

      Q2.
      Which word describes the principle that European countries could control parts of Africa if they could establish that they already exerted influence there?

      Correct Answer: effective occupation

      Q3.
      When did the Berlin Conference take place?

      1880-1
      1884-6
      Correct answer: 1884-5
      1888-9

      Q4.
      What was the main driving force behind European engagement with Africa in the 19th century?

      cultural exchange and missionary work
      diplomatic relations and mutual co-operation
      Correct answer: economic interests and imperial expansion

      Q5.
      Who attended the Berlin Conference?

      Ghana
      Correct answer: France
      Correct answer: Germany
      Correct answer: Britain
      Kenya

      Q6.
      What were the negative impacts of colonial rule in Africa?

      Correct answer: exploitation of Africa's natural resources for European benefit
      the creation of new universities in African colonies
      Correct answer: widespread environmental damage across Africa
      Correct answer: disrupted many African traditions and social structures
      the creation of an efficient system of administration

      To help you plan your 10 history lesson on: The scramble for Africa, download all teaching resources for free and adapt to suit your pupils' needs...