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      The factors that affect participation

      Lesson details

      Learning outcome

      I can identify the factors affecting participation in physical activities and sport, and reflect on the factors that have shaped my experience of physical activity.

      Key learning points

      1. Attitudes and role models can significantly influence participation in sports.
      2. Accessibility to facilities, clubs and activities is a crucial factor affecting participation.
      3. Media coverage, sexism and stereotyping impact sports involvement.
      4. Cultural and religious factors, including festivals, can affect sports participation.
      5. Family commitments, leisure time, socio-economic status and activity inclusiveness all impact participation.

      Keywords

      • Factor affecting participation - factors affecting participation include gender, race/religion/culture, age, family/friends/peers, and disability, influencing access, attitudes and opportunities in sports

      • Media - the different ways we communicate information, lsuch as via TV, newspapers, social media, the internet or radio

      • Role model - someone who people look up to and feel inspired by because of their positive behaviour, actions or success

      • Stereotype - an oversimplified and often incorrect belief or assumption about a group of people, based on characteristics like gender, race or appearance, ignoring the fact that individuals are unique

      Common misconception

      Believing that only one factor can affect participation such as gender, when actally there are lots of factors that can affect participation in physical activity.

      Some people may not face any barriers to participation, however some people may experience a number of different factors that affect whether they are able to participate in a sport or not.

      Teacher tip

      Support all factors with examples that students may be able to talk about in the exam.

      Licence

      This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2026), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0
      except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions
      (Collection 2).

      Lesson video

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      Prior knowledge starter quiz

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      People with more money are more likely to be physically active. Which type of social group is this related to?

      gender
      Correct answer: socio-economic status
      ethnicity
      disability

      Q2.
      Gender, age, socio-economic status, ethnicity and are factors that affect participation.

      Correct Answer: disability, disabilities

      Q3.
      Put the following groups of people in order of most likely to be active to least likely to be active.

      1 - 18 - 30 year olds
      2 - 45 - 60 year olds
      3 - 75+ year olds

      Q4.
      Which of these groups is a priority group?

      boys
      adults aged 18-25 year olds
      people without a disability
      Correct answer: people with low socio-economic status

      Q5.
      Match the research findings to the factor it relates to.

      Correct Answer:gender,men are more physically active than women

      men are more physically active than women

      Correct Answer:age,younger people are more physically active than older people

      younger people are more physically active than older people

      Correct Answer:socio-economic status,people with more money are more physically active

      people with more money are more physically active

      Correct Answer:ethnicity,discrimination and racism can affect participation of different groups

      discrimination and racism can affect participation of different groups

      Q6.
      Which keyword is defined as, the different ways we share and get information, such as via TV, newspapers, social media, the internet or radio.

      role model
      Correct answer: media
      stereotype
      gender

      6 Questions

      Q1.
      There is a link between the sports shown most on the TV and the most popular sports. Which factor does this relate to?

      Correct answer: media
      gender
      cost
      education

      Q2.
      Match the example to the factor that affects participation.

      Correct Answer:family,a mother takes her child to gymnastics club as she enjoyed gymnastics

      a mother takes her child to gymnastics club as she enjoyed gymnastics

      Correct Answer:education,a school has a swimming pool so includes swimming in the PE curriculum

      a school has a swimming pool so includes swimming in the PE curriculum

      Correct Answer:available time,having a job with long hours means Pedro always arrives home late

      having a job with long hours means Pedro always arrives home late

      Correct Answer:accessibility,Claudia lives close to an ice rink and is a very good ice skater

      Claudia lives close to an ice rink and is a very good ice skater

      Correct Answer:stereotyping,Alice wants to join the decathlon, but it's not for girls

      Alice wants to join the decathlon, but it's not for girls

      Q3.
      Aoife lives in the middle of a big city in England. Which sport is she least likely to have access to.

      Football
      Swimming
      Correct answer: Cross-country skiing
      Tennis

      Q4.
      If a sport gets negative media attention it can make people likely to participate in it.

      Correct Answer: less

      Q5.
      Providing more female coaches will enable more positive for girls.

      Correct Answer: role models, role-models

      Q6.
      Match the correct example to each factor.

      Correct Answer:negative impact of education,the school doesn't have a swimming pool so doesn't teach swimming

      the school doesn't have a swimming pool so doesn't teach swimming

      Correct Answer:positive impact of education,having lots of time for PE and after school sport

      having lots of time for PE and after school sport

      Correct Answer:negative impact of media,not showing disability sport on TV

      not showing disability sport on TV

      Correct Answer:positive impact of media,athletics getting lots of coverage on social media

      athletics getting lots of coverage on social media

      Correct Answer:negative impact of disposable income,unable to afford to play golf because of the membership fees

      unable to afford to play golf because of the membership fees

      Correct Answer:positive impact of disposable income,lots of opportunity to participate as high socio economic status

      lots of opportunity to participate as high socio economic status


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